2011年职称英语卫生类B级真题完整版（含答案）

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:33

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
　　1．Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours．
　　A．spend
　　B．take
　　C．last
　　D．stand

　　2．At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened．
　　A．give
　　B．attach
　　C．understand
　　D．lose

　　3．His shoes were shined to perfection．
　　A．cleared
　　B．washed
　　C．mended
　　D．polished

　　4．Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer．
　　A．reported
　　B．hoped
　　C．answered
　　D．admitted

　　5．We have to act within the existing legal framework．
　　A．system
　　B．limit
　　C．procedure
　　D．status

　　6．The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives．
　　A．effort
　　B．problem
　　C．influence
　　D．concern
　　7．The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses．
　　A．relative
　　B．general
　　C．continuous
　　D．sharp

　　8．They converted the spare bedroom into an office．
　　A．reduced
　　B．turned
　　C．moved
　　D．reformed

　　9．Mr．Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year．
　　A．held
　　B．increased
　　C．expected
　　D．offered

　　10．We need to extract the relevant financial data．
　　A．obtain
　　B．store
　　C．save
　　D．review

　　11．The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy．
　　A．choice
　　B．idea
　　C．decision
　　D．reason

　　12．We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference．
　　A．investigated
　　B．offered
　　C．included
　　D．accepted

　　13．Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do．
　　A．saying
　　B．doubting
　　C．thinking
　　D．knowing

　　14．She always finds fault with everything．
　　A．simplifies
　　B．criticizes
　　C．evaluates
　　D．examines

　　15．The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular．
　　A．general
　　B．traditional
　　C．magnificent
　　D．strong

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:34

第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）
　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.
Relieving the Pain
　　"Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain," say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain, "People with chronic pain need to stop lying around, go out more, and start exercising." The instinctive reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that this is often not productive, especially in the case of back pain. Back pain, after headaches and tiredness, has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors. Painful backs now account for millions of days off work.
　　Lumbar(腰部的) pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground, but they are made worse by a sedentary(久坐不动的) lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles, so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain. Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins(内啡肽), the body's "feel-good" chemicals, which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of endorphins in the body.
　　Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise. Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain continues, sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different drugs. "It's crazy," says Dr. Brasseur, a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain. "Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors. I've just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names."
　　A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided. Once patients have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their medication is cut down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.
　　In some pain-relief clinics, patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises, followed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day, they practice tai chi (太极), self-defense, and deep thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a-half hours' physiotherapy(理疗) a week in a traditional hospital program. "The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy, flexibility, and confidence," explains Bill Wiles, a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool. "Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment."
　　16. To treat pain, patients should stop moving around.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　17. Headaches are partly caused by lack of exercise.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　18. Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pain.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　19. Doctors often use drugs such as endorphins to treat patients.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　20. Exercise helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　21. Exercise helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　22. New pain clinics ask patients to give up drugs completely.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:35

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
The Meaning of dreams
　　1 Dreams play an important role in our lives. If they can be correctly interpreted, we can come to understand ourselves better. Here, we look at four common dreams and what they potentially symbolize.
　　2 I can see their laughing faces…laughing at me. But they aren't as smart. If they were, they'd be up here flying with me! This dream has both positive and negative connotations(涵义). On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday routine. It can be interpreted as a powerful desire to achieve. On the other hand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is afraid of something and they wish to escape. The dream could represent an inferiority complex(自卑情结), which the dreamer attempts to escape from by putting themselves up above others.
　　3 I'm moving fast now, but it's still behind me. Doesn't matter how fast I go, I still can't escape. Although this is a traditional symbol of health and vitality(生命力) like the first one, it can also suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear is the dominant emotion. By running hard, the dreamer can possibly escape the threat. However, they can also stumble(蹒跚) or worse still stop moving altogether. This makes the fear even more terrifying(恐怖的). One possible interpretation suggests that the person is under pressure in their everyday life.
　　4 1'm sweating and my heart is beating. I'm trapped in my own bed. In this dream, the person is often standing on a high, exposed place such as on the top of a tower, or on the edge of a cliff. The overwhelming (强烈的) feeling changes from anxiety to a loss of control. There is nothing to stop the person, and the feeling as they go over the edge can be horrifyingly (恐怖地) real. Fortunately, just before hitting the ground, the dreamer awakens with a sense of enormous relief. This dream suggests that the dreamer is afraid of losing control and has a fear of failure or even death.
　　5 The wind is pushing me and I slip. There's nothing I can do . . . nothing I can hold on to. This symbol is associated with fear: suddenly the dreamer loses all power of movement. They try hard to move their arms and legs，but they simply cannot. Frozen in a terrifying situation with no escape，they become more and more terrified as the seconds go by. Another frequent context for this dream is failing to do something in public, often something which you are normally very good at, such as your job. Not only is this extremely embarrassing, but it also shows a deep-seated phobia (恐惧) of losing a job and a livelihood.
　　23. Paragraph 2_______
　　24. Paragraph 3________
　　25. Paragraph 4________
　　26. Paragraph 5_______
　　A Dream of diving into the water
　　B Dream of running hard
　　C Dream of falling down
　　D Dream of flying into the air 　
　　E Dream of being pushed away
　　F Dream of climbing trees
　　27. If a person puts himself up above others in the dream, he may____.
　　28. If a person dreams of being chased by others, he may ____.
　　29. If a person dreams of going over the edge of a cliff, he may ____.
　　30. If a person dreams of failing to do something in public, he may _ ___.
　　A be under pressure in everyday life
　　B feel tired in real life
　　C be afraid of losing his job in real life
　　D feel lonely in everyday life
　　E feel inferior in reality

　　F be afraid of losing control in real life

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:36

</p>第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文回答其后面的问题，为每题确定一个最佳答案。
第一篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?
　　Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication-having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.
　　The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.
　　On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (扫描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree.
　　What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.
　　As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often
　　31 People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that
　　A they're popular
　　B they're useful
　　C they're convenient
　　D they're cheap
　　32 The world "detected" in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by
　　A cured
　　B removed
　　C discovered
　　D caused
　　33 The salesman retired young because
　　A he couldn't remember simple tasks
　　B he disliked using mobile phones
　　C he was tired of talking on his mobile phone
　　D his employer's doctor persuaded him to
　　34. On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies
　　A hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about
　　B deny the existence of mobile phone radiation
　　C develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation
　　D try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health
　　35 The writer's purpose of writing this article is to advise people
　　A to buy mobile phones
　　B to use mobile phones less often
　　C to update regular phones
　　D to stop using mobile phones

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:37

第二篇 Preventing Child Maltreatment(虐待)
　　Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence (流行) of child maltreatment. Data for many countries, especially low-and middle-income countries, are lacking.
　　Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5%-10% of men report being sexually abused as children, while 25%-50%of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, many children are subject to1 emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse).
　　Every year, there are an about 31,000 homicide(杀人) deaths in children under 15.This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to falls, bums and drowning.
　　Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural, physical and mental health problems. Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections.
　　Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs.
　　A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.
　　It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfill the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.
　　36 International studies reveal that
　　A many children have been neglected.
　　B child maltreatment is most serious in developed countries.
　　C 20% of children have been sexually abused.
　　D 25%-50% of girls have been physically abused.
　　37 The word "underestimates" in paragraph 3 means
　　A exaggerates.
　　B points out.
　　C assumes.
　　D miscalculates.
　　38 Child maltreatment can bring all the following consequences EXCEPT
　　A stress.
　　B suicide.
　　C heart disease.
　　D poor memory.
　　39 Children are more likely to be maltreated if they
　　A cry a lot.
　　B are not good-looking.
　　C are over 4 years old.
　　D are quiet.
　　40 We can infer from the passage that
　　A researchers have collected enough data on child maltreatment.
　　B more than 31,000 children under 15 are killed every year.
　　C many countries have set up special institutions for maltreated children.

　　D some children are also to blame for maltreatment.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:38

</p>第三篇 Sprained (扭伤) Ankle
　　One of the most common injuries teenagers and adults experience is a sprained ankle. A sprain occurs when the ligaments(韧带) of a joint are twisted(扭伤) and possibly torn. Ligaments are bands of fibers that hold the bones of a joint in position. A sprain can occur from a sudden twisting at the joint, or a stretching or tearing of the fibers of the ligaments. The injured area usually swells(肿胀) and becomes black and blue. Stepping off the sidewalk at the wrong angle or having one foot land in a hole while walking or running can leave you rolling on the ground in pain with an ankle on fire! If you cannot walk without experiencing intense pain, you must seek medical help. If the pain is manageable, and you can walk, here are three words to help you remember how to treat yourself:
　　■ Elevate(抬高)
　　■ Cool
　　■ Bandage（打绷带）
　　As soon as there is injury to that ligament, there will be a certain amount of bleeding under the skin. Once the blood pools around the damaged blood vessels, swelling occurs. The pressure from the swelling results in additional stress and tenderness to the region. In order to reduce the degree of swelling, lie down as soon as possible and keep the ankle elevated so that it is actually higher than your heart. Next, to reduce blood distribution and keep bleeding(流血) to minimum, apply a cold pack. After 20 minutes, take the pack off, wait half an hour, and then reapply. This can be several times a day for a total of three days.
　　Never leave a cold pack on for more than 20 minutes at a time. Reducing the temperature in that area for an extended period of time signals the body to increase blood flow to raise the body temperature! Therefore, one accidentally triggers(引起) more blood distribution to the affected area by leaving a cold pack on for too long! Finally, bandage the angle. Be careful not to wind it too tightly; doing so can restrict blood flow and cause harm to the entire foot.
　　41. A sprain is caused by
　　A ligament fibers of a joint being twisted
　　B blood vessels being hurt in the foot
　　C constantly changing body temperature
　　D elevating one's ankle
　　42. The black-and-blue symptom of a sprain is due to
　　A bleeding under the skin
　　B pressing one's ankle
　　C a tight bandage www.zcyy8.com
　　D applying a cold pack
　　43 The word "it" in paragraph 2(line5) refers to
　　A ankle
　　B injury
　　C  pressure
　　D  swelling
　　44. Once the initial cold pack is removed, what is to be done?
　　A Begin bandaging the ankle
　　B Wait 30 minutes and then reapply the ice pack for 20 minutes
　　C Keep the ankle in a position lower than your heart
　　D wait 20 minutes and then reapply the ice pack for 30 minutes
　　45. The main idea of the passage is to explain
　　A how a sprain occurs
　　B  how to bandage an injured foot
　　C how to treat a sprained ankle
　　D how to reduce the temperature of a wounded area.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:39

第5部分：补全短文（第46-50题，每题2分，共10分）　　下面的短文有5处空白；短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Flying into History
　　When you turn on the television or read a magazine, celebrities (名人) are everywhere. Although fame and the media play such major roles in our lives today, it has not always been that way. ____ (46) Many historians agree that Charles Lindbergh was one of the first major celebrities, or superstars.
　　Lindbergh was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1902, but he grew up in Little Falls, Minnesota. As a child, he was very interested in how things worked, so when he reached college, he pursued a degree in engineering. At the age of 20, however, the allure(诱惑) of flying captured Lindbergh's imagination. ____ (47) Soon after, Lindbergh bought his own plane and traveled across the nation performing aerial stunts(空中特技).

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:40

In 1924, Lindbergh became more serious about flying. He joined the United States military and graduated first in his pilot class. ____(48) 　　During the same time, a wealthy hotel owner named Raymond Orteig was offering a generous award to the first pilot who could fly nonstop from New York City to Paris, France. The Orteig Prize was worth $25, OOO - a large amount even by today's standards.

　　Lindbergh knew he had the skills to complete the flight, but not just any plane was capable of flying that far for that long. ____ (49)
　　On May 20, 1927, Charles Lindbergh took off from Roosevelt Field in New York City and arrived the next day at an airstrip (简易机场) outside Paris. Named in honor of the sponsor, The Spirit of St. Louis carried Lindbergh across the Atlantic Ocean and into the record books. He became a national hero and a huge celebrity.
　　When he returned to the United States, Lindbergh rode in a ticker-tape (热烈的) parade held to celebrate his accomplishment. was even named for Charles Lindbergh-the kept at the Smithsonian Institute's National Air ____ (50) A very popular dance Lindy Hop. Today, The Spirit of St. Louis is and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.
　　A Eighty years' ago, radio and movies were just beginning to have that kind of effect on Americans.
　　B Working with an aviation company from San Diego, California, and with financial help from the city of St. Louis, Lindbergh got a customized (定制的) airplane that could make the journey.
　　C He also received a Medal of Honor, the highest United States military decoration.
　　D He quit school and moved to Nebraska where he-learned to be a pilot.
　　E His childhood was not full of fond memories.

　　F Lindbergh used this additional training to get a job as an airmail pilot, flying out of St Louis, Missouri.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:41

第6部分：完形填空（第51-65题，每题1分，共15分） </p>　　下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Food Safety and Foodborne Illness
　　Food safety is an increasingly important public health issue. Governments all over the world are intensifying their efforts to (51) food safety. These efforts are in response to an increasing number of food safety problems and (52) consumer concerns.
　　Foodborne illnesses are defined as diseases, usually either infectious or toxic (有毒的) in nature, caused by agents that (53) the body through the ingestion of food. Every person is risk of foodborne illness.
　　Foodborne diseases are a widespread and growing public health (55),both in developed and developing countries. The global incidence of foodborne disease is difficult to ____ (56), but it has been reported that in 2005 alone8 million people died from diarrhoeal (腹泻) diseases. A great proportion of these ____ (57) can be attributed to contamination (污染) of food and drinking water. Additionally, diarrhoeal is a ____ (58) cause of malnutrition(营养不良) in infants and young children.
　　In industrialized countries, the percentage of the population suffering from foodborne diseases each year has been ____ (59) to be 10 up to 30%.In the United States of America, for example, around 76 million cases of foodborne diseases, resulting____ (60)325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths. are estimated to occur each year.
　　____ (61) less well documented, developing countries bear the brunt (首当其冲) of the problem due to the presence of a wide ____ (62)of foodborne diseases, including those caused by parasites(寄生虫). The high prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases in many developing countries suggests major ____ (63) food safety problems.
　　In partnership with other stakeholders, WHO is developing ____ (64) that will further promote the safety of food. These policies ____ (65) the entire food chain from production to consumption and will make use of different types of expertise(专长).
　　51 A meet B improve C provide D reach
　　52 A following B careful C rising D immediate
　　53 A find B govern C enter D push
　　54 A with B for C at D in
　　55 A interest B problem C service D benefit
　　56 A compare B estimate C explain D reduce
　　57 A factors B products C cases D countries
　　58 A natural B major C similar D just
　　59 A imagined B acknowledged C considered D reported
　　60 A to B in C from D of
　　61 A As B Since C Hence D While
　　62 A range B distance C order D arrangement
　　63 A prevailing B spreading C troubling D underlying
　　64 A policies B methods C programs D systems

　　65 A form B set C cover D break

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:42

</p>第1部分：词汇选项
　　1 A confess 这个动词是"坦白、交代、承认"的意思，admit 也是"承认"的意思，两个词后面都可以跟用 that 引导的宾语从句，在这个句子里可以换用
　　2 D extract 作动词用是"获得、获取"的意思，在四个选项中只有 obtain 具有这样的意义，又如: extract help, extract satisfaction, extract information 等。
　　3 B accelerate 这个动词原意是"加速"，如: The trains have been accelerated. 火车提速了；The steps to implement the plan are being accelerated. 执行该计划的步伐正在加速。在本句中 accelerate his sale of shares（加速出售他的股票），无疑就是增加出售他的股票的意思，故选 increased。
　　4 D motive 是"动机" 的意思，the motive for (doing) something即为 "做某事的动机"，reason 是"理由"，the motive for the murder 和 the reason for the murder 是同一意思。
　　5 C impact 和 influence 是同义词，也解释"影响"，又如: the impact of modern technology on interpersonal relationships 现代技术对人际关系带来的影响。
　　6 D shine 这个动词通常用于表示"发亮、发光"的意思，如: The sun is shining。但是如果和皮鞋一起用，那就是"擦皮鞋、把皮鞋擦亮"的意思了。本句的意思是：他的皮鞋擦得一尘不染。polish 具有"把……擦亮、磨光"的意思，clear 和 shoes 一起用的话便是"把鞋子移开"的意思了. wash 则是用水洗，mend 是修补的意思。
　　7 C exp]ore 是"探索、探险、摸索"的意思。 investigate 除了常用的"调查"这层意思外，也具有"探索"这样的意义。本句的意思是：在会议上我们探索了扩充的可能性。
　　8 A steady 是"稳定的"意思，a steady decline 则是"稳步下降"，在这个上下文中可以用 continuous 来代替它，即"不断下降"。 sharp decline 则足 "急剧下降"。
　　9 A remark 这个动词就是 "说"的意思，所以这里就用 saying 来代替它。
　　10 B framework 就是我们现在常常说的 "框架"，within the existing legal framework指在现有的法律框架内。所谓法律框架实际上就是指法律体系，所以选 system。 limit 是限制，procedure 是程序, status 是地位。
　　11 D find fault with something/someone 是个固定的表达式，意为"找在、吹毛求疵"，所以和 criticize（批评）基本同义。
　　12 A spectacular 这个形容同常用来描述场面、景观等，意思是"壮观的、壮丽的、华丽的"等。在四个选项中只有 magnificent 具有这样的意思。
　　13 B grasp 这个动词是"抓住"的意思，可用于具体的事物，如：grasp the rope/my hand 抓住绳索/抓住我的手，也可以用于抽象的概念，如: grasp the main idea/his meaning 抓住要点/理解他的意思。在本句中 grasp the significance of what had happened 就相当于 under stand the significance of what had happened。
　　14 C convert 的意思是"改变、转化"。turn 则是具有同样意义的一个更为常用的单词，两者后由都跟 into 来表示"变为……"。又如：Solar energy has been successfully converted/ turned into mechanical energy. 太阳能被成功地转化成机械能。The priest converted/turned him from Buddhist into a Christian. 那神父把他从一个佛教徒变成了个基督徒。reduce 减少，reform 改造。
　　15 D tolerate但是"忍受"的意思，如：tolerate the heat 忍受酷热，tolerate the loneliness 忍受孤独，tolerate the humiliation 忍受屈辱。和它同义的词常用的有 bear ，endure 和 stand。

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[职称英语真题] 2011年职称英语卫生类B级真题完整版（含答案）