2010年职称英语考试综合类A级真题及答案

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:33

第1部分：词汇选择（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有一个词或短语有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。
1.Fields neighboring the nuclear plant are higher than regular levels of radioactivity.
A.significant
B.usual
C.important
D.harmful
2.The French Revolution was a period of disorder, but produced some great literature.
A.chaos
B.interest
C.imagination
D.success
3.She was one of the leading writers of her day.
A.expected
B.natural
C.most important
D.least
4.The hill was once rich with iron.
A.abundant
B.destitute
C.enough
D.sufficient
5.The retired couple lived a life of ease.
A.luxury
B.misery
C.poverty
D.comfort

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:34

6.The new type of car is fairly economical of fuel.
A.using little
B.effective
C.efficient
D.economic
7.What were the effects of the decision she made?
A.result
B.extinction
C.lure
D.reason
8.Put some effort into your work
A.effect
B.force
C.coverage
D.energy
9.The number of United States citizens who are eligible to vote continues to increase.
A.encouraged
B.enforced
C.entitled
D.expected
10.According to the constitution, anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote.
A.illegal
B.legitimate
C.required

D.qualified

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:35

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:36

11.The doctor said that I had to eliminate alcohol.
A.cut out
B.cut on
C.cut in
D.cut up
12.The class of mammals embraces nearly all warm-blooded animals except the birds.
A.takes on
B.takes over
C.takes in
D.takes up
13.The environmentalists advocated better protection of the earth.
A.appeal
B.pledge
C.proclaim
D.urge
14.We can utilize water for producing electric power.
A.employ
B.embrace
C.emerge
D.emphasize
15.Your reasons for refusing to help are quite vague.
A.obvious
B.typical
C.imprecise
D.unreasonable
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
　下面的短文后，列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
　　Choosing a Topic for Research
　　Because you are going to put a lot of your time and energy into your research project, the topic is especially important. In many instances your instructor may give a specific topic. If this is done, you have little choice, but most instructors will permit or even welcome a slightly changed focus in a topic if it is supported by good thinking.
　　In some of your classes, the instructor may present a suggested list of several topics from which you are to make a choice. If this is done, do not simply select the first idea that attracts your attention. It may be one with which you will soon become bored, or it may be one on which you would have difficulty finding all the necessary information. Looking at the topics, try to consider how you might go about developing each of them. When you find out what seems especially interesting and worthwhile, do a bit checking in the library to see if you can get the basic resources you will need. Choosing a good research topic does not necessarily mean finding something that has a lot written about it. Many times you will have to research around a topic in order to find out the most useful information. Exciting and original topics often come to mind by combining two completely different interests. Let us say that you are interested in child psychology and in sports. Perhaps you can combine these into a study of the effect that is watching on the subject, you can research the topic individually and, by putting your information together, then draw a conclusion.
　　16.Choosing a topic for research is important in that you will put a great deal of time and energy into it.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　17.All instructors will allow somewhat changed focus in the original topic.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　18.If all the topics are interesting, you are advised to choose the one that has necessary information and is easy to get the basic resources you will need in the library.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　19.Choosing a good research topic certainly refers to finding something that has a lot written about it.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　20.An exciting and original topic must be any two interests combined.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　21.You can research the topic by cooperating with others.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　22.The passage is most likely written for researchers.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:37

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有两项测试任务：(1)第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
　　The Role of Governments
　　1 Governments determine the legal framework that sets the basic meets for the ownership of property and the operation of markets. In addition, governments at all levels regulate economic behavior, setting detailed rules for the operation of businesses. Such regulations apply to all businesses; examples include laws against fraud and racial discrimination.
　　2 Governments buy and produce many goods and services, such as defense, education, parks and roads, which they provide for firms and households. They typically buy computers but write programs they need to operate them. Governments also produce and sell goods. In many countries the phone company is government-owned, like the electric system.
　　3 Governments also make transfer payments, such as Social Security and unemployment benefits to individuals. Transfer payments are payments for which no current economic goods or service is provided in return and therefore do not represent expenditure for the purchase of final products. A firefighter’s salary is not a transfer payment, but welfare benefits are.
　　4 Governments pay for the goods they buy and for the transfer payments they make mostly by collecting taxes, including personal income taxes, property taxes, social insurance taxes, and sales taxes. Over 60% of the government revenue in the U.S. is collected by the federal government. This does not include taxes collected by state and city government.　　5 Every market economy suffers from business cycles. Governments, through their control of taxes and government spending and through their ability to control the quantity of money, often attempt to modify fluctuations in the business cycle. For instance, the government may reduce taxes in a recession in the hope that people will increase spending and thus raise the GNP.
　　23.Paragraph. 2 _________.
　　24.Paragraph 3 _________.
　　25.Paragraph 4 _________.
　　26.Paragraph 5 _________.
　　A.Collecting Taxes
　　B.Making Transfer Payments
　　C.Making Laws and Regulations
　　D.Buying and Selling Goods and Services
　　E.Stabilizing the Economy
　　F.Controlling the Market
　　27.Governments regulate economic behavior, and the regulations _________.
　　28.Besides buying and producing services, governments also _________.
　　29.The government revenue in the U.S. is collected by the federal government and _________.
　　30.The government may reduce taxes in a recession in order to _________.
　　A.apply to all businesses.
　　B.raise the GDP.
　　C.state and city government
　　D.reduce spending
　　E.modify fluctuations in the business cycle
　　F.produce and sell goods

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:38

第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每道题确定一个最佳选项。
　　第一篇

　　Endangered Species 　　Endangered species are plants and animals that are in immediate danger of extinction. Extinction is actually a normal process in the course of evolution. Since the formation of the earth, many more species have become extinct than those exist today. These species slowly disappeared because of change of climate and their failure to adapt to such conditions as competition and predation. Since the 1600s, however, the process of extinction has greatly accelerated as a result of both human population growth and technological encroachment on natural ecology systems. Today the majority of the world’s environments are changing faster than the ability of most species to adapt to such changes through natural selection.
　　Species become extinct or endangered for number of reasons, but the primary cause is the destruction of natural habitats. Drainage of wetlands, cutting and clearing of forests, growth of cities, and highway and dam construction have seriously reduced available natural habitats. As the various surroundings become fragments, the remaining animal population crowd into smaller areas, causing further destruction of natural surroundings. Species in these small “islands” lose contact with other populations of their extinction.
　　Some private and government efforts have been organized to save declining species. Laws were made in some countries in the early 1900s to protect wild animals from commercial trade and killing. International endeavors are shown in the convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, approved by 51 nations. Its purpose is to restrict exploitation of wild animals and plants by regulating and restricting trade in certain species. How effective such laws will be in various countries, however, depends on enforcement and support by the people and the courts. Because of lack of law enforcement, the willingness of some segments of society to trade in endangered species, the activities of people who catch and kill animals illegally and dealers who supply the trade, the future of many species is in doubt in spite of legal protection.
　　31.According to the passage, which of the following is the most important factor causing the rapid extinction of many species since the 17th century?
　　A.Human beings are not aware of the importance of preserving endangered species.
　　B.Some endangered species have already reached the end of their life span in evolution.
　　C.The development of human society has greatly affected natural ecology systems.
　　D.The world’s climate has changed greatly that most species cannot survive.
　　32.In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the word “islands” refers to
　　A.the lands that are completely surrounded by water.

　　B.the wild animals’ breeding grounds protected by law. 　　C.the pieces of land separated by modern buildings and roads.
　　D.the small and isolated areas inhabited by certain species.
　　33.This passage mentions all of the following causes for the extinction of many species EXCEPT
　　A.natural selection of species.
　　B.various natural disasters.
　　C.commercial trade and killing
　　D.destruction of natural surroundings.
　　34.According to the passage, which of the following is most important in saving declining species?
　　A.governments should make some laws to protect endangered species.
　　B.People should pay more attention to the protection of natural surroundings.
　　C.Relevant law must be made and enforced with the support of the people.
　　D.Some organizations should warn people not to trade in endangered animals.
　　35.How does the author feel about the prospect of protecting endangered species from being extinct?
　　A.Worried
　　B.Optimistic
　　C.Indifferent

　　D.Confident

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:39

第二篇　　Americans Get Touchy
　　The New York Times recently reported that American teens are hugging practically everyone they see. Say goodbye to the greetings of the past, from the hands-off "Whats up!" to the handshake or high-five2. For young people across the country, hugging is the new "Hello".
　　Girls are hugging girls. Boys are hugging boys. Girls and boys are hugging each other. And, like every major trend, there are lots of variations on the form. Theres the classic, full-body, arms-around-the-person bear hug, the casual one-armed side hug, the group hug and the hug from behind. Theres the handshake that turns into a hug and the hug that turns into a pat on the back.
　　As trends go, this one seems pretty innocent. But some parents, teachers and school administrators are worried nonetheless. Will young people who arent as comfortable with physical contact feel peer pressured into hugging? Will kids who dont receive hugs feel left Out3? Could an extra-long hug slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment?
　　In response to some of these concerns, some schools have set up new rules to limit or eliminate hugging. One school head has created a three-second limitation4 for hugs at her school. A few schools have taken even more drastic measures, placing a ban on all forms of touching between students.
　　A few important points are being left out of the discussion. While the US has traditionally been reserved about touching - saving hugs and kisses for relatives, romantic partners and very close friends - people in many other parts of the world have been greeting each other this way for ages.
　　In Latin America or Western Europe, in countries like Spain, France, and Italy, a kiss on the cheek is common among women, as well as among women and men who are not romantically involved. The cheek-kiss varies by region. Sometimes it is just an air kiss blown past the face. In other places, the proper way of greeting is to deliver a kiss upon both cheeks, or sometimes even a triplet of kisses performed by kissing one cheek, then the other, then back to the first.
　　Latin American men are more likely to shake hands when greeting other men, but in some countries like Turkey, its not unusual for men who know each other well to exchange kisses on the cheek. Meanwhile, for the Maori people of New Zealand, a traditional greeting called the "hongi" involves pressing noses together.
　　So, from a global perspective, the new trend of teen hugging in America is not so "new" after all. People all around the world move in close to say hello, and Americans are just now joining in.
　　36.The word "practically" in the first paragraph could be best replaced by
　　A.certainly
　　B.nearly
　　C.actively
　　D.voluntarily
　　37.Which of the following is NOT among the typical ways of greetings in the past?
　　A.hands off "Whats up"
　　B.handshake
　　C.high-five
　　D.embrace
　　38.Some parents, teachers and school administrators concern the new trend of hugging for the following reasons EXCEPT:
　　A.Some young people get involved into the trend due to peer pressure.
　　B.Those who dont receive hugs feel left out.
　　C.Theres the danger that hugging slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment.
　　D.Diseases could be transmitted more easily through the extra-long body contact.
　　39.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
　　A.Teenagers across the US hug everyone they see in nearly the same way.
　　B.Although some adults worry about the trend, few measures have been taken to ban on it.
　　C.Traditionally, the US people have been reserved about hugging between anybody.
　　D.In some countries, its usual for men to kiss each other on the cheek.
　　40.We can infer that the author holds a attitude toward the new trend of hugging.
　　A.positive
　　B.negative
　　C.indifferent

　　D.conservative

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:40

第三篇 　　Right and Wrong

　　Suppose you work in a library, checking people’s books as they leave, and a friend asks you to let him steel a hard-to-find reference book that he wants to own. 　　You might hesitate to agree for various reasons. You might be afraid that he’ll be caught, and that both you and he will then get into trouble. You might want the book to stay in the library so that you can read it yourself.
　　But you may also think that what he proposes is wrong—that he shouldn’t do it and you shouldn’t help him. If you think that, what does it mean and what, if anything, makes it true?
　　To say it’s wrong is not just to say it’s against the rules. There can be bad rules which stop what isn’t wrong—like a company rule against criticizing the boss. A rule can also be bad because it requires something that is wrong --- like a law that looks down upon black people in hotels and restaurants. The ideas of wrong and right are different from the ideas of what is and is not against the rules.
　　If you think it would be wrong to help your friend steal the book, then you will feel uncomfortable about doing it: in some way you won’t want to do it, even if you are also unwilling to refuse to help a friend. Where does the desire not to do it come from? What is its motive behind it?
　　There are various ways in which something can be wrong, but in this case, if you had to explain it, you’d probably say that it would be unfair to other users of the library. They may be just as interested in the book as your friend is, but read it in the reference room, where anyone who needs it can find it.
　　These thoughts have to deal with effects on others – not necessarily effects on their feelings, since they may never find out about it, but some kind of damage. In general, the thought that something is wrong depends on its impact not just on the person who does it but on other people.
　　41.The following may be the reasons why the librarian does not want to help his friend EXCEPT that
　　A.he is afraid that his friend might get into trouble.
　　B.he himself might get into trouble.
　　C.he believes it is wrong to help one’s poor friend.
　　D.he wants to read the book himself.
　　42.Which of the following statements does the author seem most likely to agree with?
　　A.To be or not to be against the rules has little to do with being wrong or right.
　　B.To say something is wrong almost suggests that it is against the rules.
　　C.A rule is always something that stops what is wrong.
　　D.A rule is always something that encourages what is right.
　　43.Why does the author give some examples of bad rules?
　　A.Because those rules are said to be strongly negative.
　　B.Because he wants to show that rules are not the criteria for judging right or wrong.
　　C.Because those rules are made in order to stop what is wrong.
　　D.Because he wants to support the argument that stealing a book is not a crime.
　　44.In the sentence “What is its motive behind it?” ( Paragraph 5), “it” refers to
　　A.the “it” in the phrase “the desire not to do it”.
　　B.“the desire” in the phrase “the desire not to do it”.
　　C.the idea of Paragraph 5.
　　D.the idea of helping the friend.
　　45.According to the passage, the author would judge what is wrong
　　A.by what is or is not against the rules.
　　B.by its impact on other people.
　　C.by one’s thoughts and feelings towards it.

　　D.by the kind of damage it does to others.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:41

第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分) 　下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

　　Why Study Mathematics 　　There’s something else you shouldn’t forget. There are lots of times when more math would help you in your everyday affairs.
　　No long ago a man in Milwaukee was arrested for speeding. The policeman, who had been stationing at a street comer, didn’t check the speed on the man’s motorcycle, but just guessed at it. ______(46).
　　The man said that he had stopped his car at the traffic light on the corner where the policeman was stationed. ______ (47).

　　The driver then proved mathematically that no car could have picked up speed fast enough to be exceeding the limit at the spot where he was arrested. The judge let him off. ______ (48). You may be the kind of person who needs to know something about advanced math to get the most out of life. Some people go on from day to day, having a good time and not caring much about anything else. ______ (49). 　　They are interested in life and other people, and what makes things happen the way they do. ______ (50).
　　If you are that kind of person, you almost have to learn something about the more advanced branch of math. There will be no other way to understand the things you become curious about.
　　A. The policeman admitted this.
　　B. But many people are not content to live that way.
　　C. They are curious about things.
　　D. But there is one more reason why you should study math now.
　　E. The man admitted this.

　　F. The man and the policeman went before a judge in the police court.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:42

第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分) 　下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定一个最佳选项。
　　Sex change surgery guidelines drafted

　　China is set to 　　51　　 its first clinical guideline on sex-change surgery, according to a notice put on the website of the Ministry of Health yesterday. 　　The ministry is now soliciting public and professional opinions on the draft guideline. The coming guideline aims to regulate and standardize sex reassignment surgery, part of a treatment for gender identity disorder in transsexuals.
　　Experts 　　52　　 nearly 2,000 Chinese have undergone sex-change surgery while 100,000 to 400,000 are still considering it. However, no official number is available. In the draft, the MOH sets 　　53　　 criteria for both surgical candidates and medical institutions.
　　Candidates for the surgery must be older than 20 and single, the draft guideline said. They are also required to prove a persistent desire for a sex change, to live for at least five consecutive years full-time in the new gender role, and to engage 　　54　　 mental therapy for at least one year.
　　Before surgery can take place, a candidate must receive a recommendation for the operation from a 　　55　　 after an appropriate series of therapy sessions.
　　Also, several legal requirements 　　56　　 be met before the procedure.
　　The candidate must provide proof from police that he or she has does not have any criminal offenses in the past.
　　Police must also agree to change the sex status on the identity card of the 57　　 receiver before the operation can, take 　　58　　.
　　The advent of such a guideline 　　59　　 to show that the government is concerned 　　60　　 the needs of a relatively small 　　61　　 of people who want to change sex.
　　But doctors also warn that all stakeholders, including the hospital and prospective receivers, should be highly cautious about this surgery.
　　The operation is more than a medical procedure due 　　62　　 its huge social and legal consequences. Doctors should make it clear to those 　　63　　 sex-change surgeries that the option always remains to continue to live in the original role. The guideline requires surgeons to tell patients about other options 　　64　　 hormone therapy. They are also required to explain the risks involved, and underlying social barriers including discrimination, and administrative recognition and approval.

　　For the candidates, the surgery itself is not the big issue 　　65　　 the long run. The real issue is the kind of life he or she will have to lead afterward. 　　51. A.issue B.provide C.withdraw D.bring about
　　52. A.boast B.estimate C.blame D.offer
　　53. A.maximum B.minimum C.less D.few
　　54. A.in B.into C.on D.onto
　　55. A.physicist B.chemist C.psychologist D.geologist
　　56. A.can B.must C.may D.cannot
　　57. A.respective B.prospect C.expecting D.prospective
　　58. A.position B.location C.place D.scene
　　59. A.believes B.is believed C.is believing D.believed
　　60. A.about B.with C.around D.of
　　61. A.numeral B.figure C.digit D.number
　　62. A.in B.with C.to D.into
　　63. A.seek B.seeking C.sought D.have sought
　　64. A.as B.such that C.as such D.such as

　　65. A.in B.on C.under D.blow

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[职称英语真题] 2010年职称英语考试综合类A级真题及答案