The Central Problem of Economics
/ P8 x. K* h2 H2 yThe central problem of economics is to satisfy the people's and nation's wants.1 G" r9 M3 m) v3 _# _1 i' B
The problem we are faced with is that our resources, here identified as money, are __1__. The only way we can resolve our problem is to make choices. After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of __2__ and identify the things we need immediately, those we can postpone, and __3__ we cannot afford. As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics-deciding just how to allocate our limited our limited resources to provide __4__ with the greatest satisfaction of our wants.
4 j& g/ @/ W5 b8 W- i* z. TNations face the same problem. As a country's population ___5__, the need for more goods and services grows correspondingly. Resources necessary to production may increase, but there __6__ are enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a nation. Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family living room, in the conference room of the corporation __7__ of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem still exists. We need to find __8__ of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants.
4 a C- [# R( rA short time ago economists divided goods into two categories, free and economic. The former, like air and water, were in __9__ abundance that economists had no concern for them. After all, economics is the __10__ of scarcity and what to do about it. Today many of these "free goods" are __11__ very expensive to use. Pollution has made clean air and water expensive for producers' extra costs, and __12__ taxpayers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the environment.
3 y. ^' |# ]- ~& Z9 P3 \In the 1990s, almost all goods are __13__. Only by effort and money __14__ obtained in the form people wish.
& I W$ |7 T# O6 L! ^( g+ yMeeting needs of people and the demands from resource available __15__ the basic activity of production. In trying to meet unlimited wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics.
q% c" x0 D( V2 H" q% GEXERCISE:
3 M" P: @& h- F m* \/ Y. {* Z# }1. A) limited B) unlimited C) scarcity D) abundant% D0 R; k6 j3 `/ H0 @
2. A) want B) problem C) wants D) resources* y8 m9 U; r) K* M) M1 L+ F( _
3. A) those B) some C) others D) many
- w" Q; W+ r/ O6 |. e1 T7 Z$ [. W4. A) them B) themselves C) ourselves D) ours
% i1 w5 N& B f0 x, M- y# z5. A) expand B) extends C) grows D) increase
6 c. }) M A$ ^; e4 b! A2 p# y6. A) always B) sometimes C) often D) never# n* d! w5 [' s' Z" S& v) P
7. A) management B) function C) board D) group6 |2 X, ?0 K/ s
8. A) people B) economists C ) way D) methods
; P x$ N2 ?& q0 ?5 z9. A) so B) great C) such D) such an$ o+ F. ~& \' L; c
10. A) form B) study C) means D) source! B7 `# Q. }5 _
11. A) practically B) in practice C)in reality D) practicably
/ ?0 I1 u% [3 F- G12. A) the B) / C) for D) with
7 E# a" q% b' Z6 r8 W# X% m13. A) plentiful B) scarce C) abundant D) in full supply
+ e6 s! f; g5 J q6 k8 L4 X( Z14. A) they can be B) can they be C) they must be D) must they be/ I2 o. ^" x! P7 z: I8 K' A2 Q
15. A) are led to B) leads C) lead to D) leads to
( ]* c0 h: A& w/ XKEY:
- Q2 G% d0 N, m# n0 }; L0 ?8 W6 OA C A C C D C D C B C C B B D |
发表于 2012-8-15 23:30:26
