分词有两种,一种是现在分词,一种是过去分词。现在分词一般有主动、进行的意思,过去分词一般有被动、完成的意思。分词(短语)在剧中可以起四大成分作用:表语,定语,状语和宾语补足语。 # t# `- k( j3 l$ F
1.常用来作表语:(在这样用时,现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征,过去分词多表示主语所处的状态)
1 D; q& T6 ]+ R2 X: q$ k The problem is quite pressing.
" c" ? u Y5 T0 H* l 这问题很紧迫。$ r$ t5 P6 i6 v$ c: c) U
The food smells inviting.6 T8 W* r3 K7 ^( L- ^, l
这个菜香味怡人。
. Z# k# p/ z3 D$ H3 O The door remained locked.
) }5 B& O! a4 n, V" }0 R" F5 u7 u 门依然锁着。" i4 w; k# X' N# o7 s) i
She looked disappointed.- p4 H8 K4 k" ^/ S* \- `
她显得很失望。 f) \$ ]3 O, a% b
2.常用来作定语:(分单个或短语两种情况)
) U6 n) R# N- a/ F1 Y% R+ Q (1)单个分词作定语时,放在所修饰词的前面,如:' O; d9 p& R7 ?, c$ N. v
touching story动人的故事
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" J# U; E( {2 M3 u1 w7 e% T6 z running water自来水 1 [0 D' O' v+ n# U+ O* @& I6 s
8 K% W O4 S3 H. C biting wind刺骨寒风
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0 T9 j2 O2 \* i. \3 P coming week下周 9 r! ^" R5 z: M$ V9 f9 g
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everlasting friendship永恒友谊 ( a% o- \% V* X5 L2 J
guided missile导弹
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1 }; Z7 V1 _; o, a/ D8 _2 J armed forces武装部队 ' w1 i" }7 f. z/ m0 B3 Z1 u
V" |: R8 a: M9 P' L2 R boiled water开水 ( Q5 t7 @& e4 k
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steamed bread馒头
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( u( y2 O( o$ ]( v# M* c stricken area灾区
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(2)分词短语作定语时,要放在所修饰词的后面,在意思上和一个定语从句差不多:+ F3 Q5 y* j/ ~& E
Who is the comrade standing (=that is standing) by the door?0 O7 Z9 ?( J5 H* ]+ J
站在门口的那位同志是谁?4 ]- M% D. f- H8 q; E* a
They built a highway leading (=which leads) into the mountains.8 R1 b; K; U7 ]
他们修建了一条通往山里的公路。
2 {0 M8 C! [9 l7 K5 V Is there anything planned (=that has been planned) for tonight?: ?1 B; y; w: U2 j0 @% H+ B/ y( J
今晚有什么活动吗?4 T. d, |, [( |6 |! k7 N$ K- F) p
They are problems left (=which have been left) over by history.
8 I3 G o4 u1 \4 Z$ E( }% d3 t/ \6 Y 这些是历史遗留下来的问题。
0 a* C4 Y" l1 V+ v2 v* u. ] 3.常用来作状语:0 j8 A+ a4 B4 y6 k6 m
Relying on our own efforts, we overcame all the difficulties.
$ w7 m1 M" w$ y" g8 q8 i O 我们依靠自己的力量把这些困难都克服了。' e3 q% Q7 T8 g9 ~
We worked there for a week, helping them to get in what.
: ]- I% b- Y) w1 s3 S 我们在那儿劳动了一周,帮助他们收麦子。* W9 [7 M# k8 M! q
Built in 1192,the bridge is over 700 years old.8 G9 _6 g, v4 r2 x) v, _8 a
这座桥是一一九二年建造的,已经有七百多年的历史了。
' m- @: R6 S5 ]! h/ N8 b, _ Absorbed in the work, he neglected food and sleep.) k% f! K+ W+ X2 ~+ r/ W; n
他专心致志于这项工作,到了废寝忘食的地步。
5 x( {7 G: e3 ]0 l' q7 z+ x He soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey./ P+ H" w2 ]3 Y! L% t- s
由于旅途劳累他很快就睡着了。% m$ b* L; k: X4 j( y, c
4.分词可以在see, watch, hear, feel, have, make, notice, keep, get, find等动词后与宾语构成复合宾语:
p9 _ X. A& ` Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window./ \8 {# K% G X5 N. Y- s2 W( a$ b* ~
忽然他听见有人轻轻扣窗子。
?/ i' j) I, O* g) x$ e6 I I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.5 {9 u M; ^ ?" l. P
对不起让你久等了。# }5 p0 }& t" H/ _$ E( a
She was glad to see her children well taken care of in the nursery.
2 y6 z' h8 O7 T, {0 R9 n 她高兴地看到孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾。' r8 @2 s9 [: j% D/ e
When you talk, you have to at least make yourself understood.7 z0 q$ E. E* T- }5 g
你说话至少要让别人听懂。 |