五个基本句型
) w X; A5 m8 A( h 根据动词的特性,构成英语中五个基本句型:
" v9 z G g6 v 1) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语5 F6 _! T7 ]" a
2) 主语 + 不及物动词(+ 其他成分)
0 v- k8 r7 l* B; [( h0 a8 E 3) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语. k2 E9 u f4 Y$ X6 j) t1 C
4) 主语 + 及物动词 + 双宾语$ `8 q4 _* F- `0 z: x5 }
5) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语, G8 x+ j7 q% b
我们在学习5个基本句型时,主要关心每个句型中的出题点在哪里。# ?) Q( _$ p9 V! U% y0 o
(一)第一句型:主语 + 系动词 + 表语
0 Y5 A+ q) O4 _* j: H. | 1) 系动词一般为be 动词。6 R* y" m$ U* N( Y8 z
注意:look, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, become, come, go, turn, grow, keep, seem, stand等词可以作"半系动词"用,按行为动词方式变化,起系动词的作用。& D9 d8 d9 t+ F5 A
试验比较:
$ u" o {% C1 h0 V —— He felt the pockets thoroughly but did not find a single penny.(他摸遍了口袋但没有找到一分钱。—— feel为行为动词)
, g3 Y: g- e' U @ t8 S' i$ {0 O —— You look pale. Do you feel unwell? (你脸色苍白,感到不舒服?—— look / feel为系动词)7 k E7 R/ E0 W$ H+ M$ {
一般来说,动词后面跟的是个形容词或名词,该动词为系动词, 如:The plan sounds perfect. / The flower smells nice. / The dish tastes delicious. / It is getting dark.
; V: I( h# [5 U w G 实例:
$ A' E- r* i4 y% x4 Q "Don't worry. Let me take your pulse first." "Oh, it ______ normal." (脉搏正常)" K, s7 _1 u4 p& ~. C: w. C
A. is felt
7 Y( Z% h! G$ g* e B. is feeling. |# Z* K7 G% { s2 F9 c S7 Q
C. feels" [! z$ l% }6 v7 ]' p) m
D. felt* J& s% K7 [# R
解题思路:normal为形容词,前面应为系动词;系动词没有被动语态,故A不对; look, feel, sound, taste, smell, seem等半系动词一般不用进行时,B也不对;D时态错了,故正确答案为C.$ Q% w; C& E* o
2)there be是英语中非常重要的一个句型: there是引导词,不解释 "那里"; 这是个倒装句, 主语在be动词的后面, be动词的单复数由后面的主语决定。
6 ^% x5 O# N2 n+ @7 a$ r 注意中国学生容易搞错的问题:
9 _, a" |+ Z* f6 _" | There isn't enough furniture in the room.(房间里家具不够) m& m/ ?/ O6 Y
错:There hasn't enough furniture in the room.
% E% A3 j, g2 i There is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.(毫无疑问,中国已消灭天花。)
- X# A# p2 r: @% y6 l, B# F 错:It is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.1 t9 N: C2 c2 `4 y) `: W
There is ample evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. (充分证据表明,爱滋病正在亚洲迅速蔓延。—— 同位语从句)- z9 e0 ^# ^9 n8 L$ j
错:It is evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. (可以: It is evident that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. - 主语从句)- o+ s& f- T B# O! t
(二)第二句型:主语 + 不及物动词 (+ 其他成分)! X- R9 D2 D* v* E) @' c* M% K( e
在这个句型中主要注意及物动词与不及物动词的区分:4 x0 D [0 G. t, u6 l; X
不及物动词 及物动词
* d( p2 c# r7 Y rise /rose / risen(升起) raise /raised / raised (提高)
5 L) L; m) h1 d8 z7 e+ f8 V arise / arose / arisen (from)(产生) arouse / aroused / aroused(唤起)
~! b) j9 p) L lie / lay / lain(躺下) lay / laid / laid(放下)
! ~& C( B. T# N: u1 @ arrive at(到达) reach(到达)
$ |- V7 D# Z! G' Y! y3 g wait for(等待) await(等待)
! H6 \# m$ t2 f* u; Q8 }6 } remain(仍旧) maintain(保持,维修)
1 p* O; ^8 V: Z! A% {: |# R4 I *上面所注仅为典型词义,要根据句子判别其他意思。
* o6 |* A/ v. E# p 此外,该句型常采用倒装形式,注意辨别,主要是以下两种情况:+ g: `0 ?) D4 k, Y, J
1) 用here 或 there引导:Here comes the bus. (汽车来了。) / There rings the bell. (铃响了。)2 b: s% Z+ J, q" [- M9 l% n
2)在动词 + 介词短语的结构中,往往将介词短语提前:On the top of the hill stands a pretty little house.(山顶上有一座漂亮的小房子。) |