五个基本句型
, Z. Z+ j" D- B' w) s' M5 E 根据动词的特性,构成英语中五个基本句型:
) J+ j& f" n6 U. S4 @ O 1) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语" x- a4 n2 k9 w* I- S
2) 主语 + 不及物动词(+ 其他成分)
. i% ?8 f8 H7 h0 P# \" f% C: a7 X 3) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语% ?" M3 a( |; d; C% z& d; J
4) 主语 + 及物动词 + 双宾语
4 d+ y# a! x( Z' L. I7 v 5) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
* G/ g- x4 I S2 h, A5 t" o 我们在学习5个基本句型时,主要关心每个句型中的出题点在哪里。3 C$ ]9 F; f% ^7 p P9 q w5 f
(一)第一句型:主语 + 系动词 + 表语
3 ~( \9 H+ w$ u5 [6 D! j 1) 系动词一般为be 动词。# e+ D4 @3 q' n# W3 W( {
注意:look, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, become, come, go, turn, grow, keep, seem, stand等词可以作"半系动词"用,按行为动词方式变化,起系动词的作用。0 R$ Y) s& ^/ }' D4 D7 M
试验比较:
# Z5 r. U8 w7 E. d j9 Z, P —— He felt the pockets thoroughly but did not find a single penny.(他摸遍了口袋但没有找到一分钱。—— feel为行为动词)6 t/ f$ Z. \! ~& f0 o7 ~
—— You look pale. Do you feel unwell? (你脸色苍白,感到不舒服?—— look / feel为系动词)
% |! d" P1 G) f" a 一般来说,动词后面跟的是个形容词或名词,该动词为系动词, 如:The plan sounds perfect. / The flower smells nice. / The dish tastes delicious. / It is getting dark.# s- @# I4 d v& }7 E% ~9 ^5 F' x& D
实例:
+ r4 p% `7 [& E& z; `, d5 P "Don't worry. Let me take your pulse first." "Oh, it ______ normal." (脉搏正常)$ X, S" ^, [3 a$ h' O
A. is felt
' |5 l/ o7 I( S( k+ O6 W B. is feeling7 ^$ @% g2 z% K* E
C. feels2 q1 y0 J0 i) P8 t
D. felt
$ P S8 A; ]3 k! c8 C5 h 解题思路:normal为形容词,前面应为系动词;系动词没有被动语态,故A不对; look, feel, sound, taste, smell, seem等半系动词一般不用进行时,B也不对;D时态错了,故正确答案为C.
- s ~0 G4 K% l5 S 2)there be是英语中非常重要的一个句型: there是引导词,不解释 "那里"; 这是个倒装句, 主语在be动词的后面, be动词的单复数由后面的主语决定。0 I, p _, f/ X8 P6 b
注意中国学生容易搞错的问题:
: I* [4 A f$ A! F# }$ f There isn't enough furniture in the room.(房间里家具不够)" t6 r8 B( q$ U1 h
错:There hasn't enough furniture in the room.2 Z3 M7 q3 K i: \9 ], L
There is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.(毫无疑问,中国已消灭天花。)% C! F3 e6 h4 ]0 A/ M
错:It is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.' Q* v( f: |% G! N- C
There is ample evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. (充分证据表明,爱滋病正在亚洲迅速蔓延。—— 同位语从句)$ ~3 ^- b, G0 R2 C. F: ]+ h6 u
错:It is evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. (可以: It is evident that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. - 主语从句)1 X* z4 M3 j6 f" m& h/ t p- {: m
(二)第二句型:主语 + 不及物动词 (+ 其他成分)
! h6 Q; v7 j7 R3 u- `; z 在这个句型中主要注意及物动词与不及物动词的区分:8 ]+ ^# x) s# L; K3 b" P" ^
不及物动词 及物动词2 S0 p- s; A, H
rise /rose / risen(升起) raise /raised / raised (提高)3 s; w$ I0 T3 ^; P# z; [
arise / arose / arisen (from)(产生) arouse / aroused / aroused(唤起)
5 @! {0 ~7 k$ i' Q/ ^! J8 r lie / lay / lain(躺下) lay / laid / laid(放下)
% G( y; C) v! i1 O( G arrive at(到达) reach(到达)
7 o& N, T# J. F: Y& _ wait for(等待) await(等待)" _& k$ _+ l, s% [. I1 b* ^
remain(仍旧) maintain(保持,维修)$ L* r: ~& M/ Y' U9 f8 n8 S
*上面所注仅为典型词义,要根据句子判别其他意思。
# Y( h& t; ^4 h- ] 此外,该句型常采用倒装形式,注意辨别,主要是以下两种情况:7 |9 g* a/ f2 k& ]
1) 用here 或 there引导:Here comes the bus. (汽车来了。) / There rings the bell. (铃响了。)
1 u) @- l$ W4 ^( M: e& N2 ^ 2)在动词 + 介词短语的结构中,往往将介词短语提前:On the top of the hill stands a pretty little house.(山顶上有一座漂亮的小房子。) |