2012年职称英语考试阅读辅导资料十一

会计考友

What does a scientist do when he or she "explains" something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms: generalization and deduction. Most psychologists deal with generalization. They explain particular instances of behavior as examples of general laws. For instance most psychologists would explain a pathologically strong fear of dogs as an example of classical conditioning．Presumably, the person，frightened earlier in life by a dog．An unpleasant stimulus was paired with the sight of the animal (perhaps the person was knocked down by an exuberant dog) and the subsequent sight of dogs evokes the earlier response-fear.
' R1 f* m1 g0 V. Q' M/ HWhich of the following is most clearly analogous to the example in the passage of the person who fears dogs?
A A child chokes on a fish bone and as an adolescent is reluctant to eat fish.
" a4 L! S+ E- Y  wB A person feels lonely and after a while buys a dog for companionship.
$ F! G: r- o0 `$ z, `: f8 }4 hC A child studies science in school and later grows up to become a teacher.
6 c- A2 ]7 Q. F% q; W& |. TD．A person hears a snowstorm is predicted and that evening is afraid to drive home.
本题要求应试者在准确理解文章的基础上，从四个选项中找出一个适当的例子，补充说明心理学家是如何解释某种行为或心理现象的。本题的正确答案是A项。