动词
% i, x* z3 A1 `9 ^2 Q# \ 从一定意义上讲,英语语法就是动词的语法,因此,掌握动词的特性、变化、句型是学习英语语法的重中之重。为了能更好地理解下面的讲课内容,首先要搞清动词的几个基本概念。 - R) X/ C, L/ F2 H
1) be 动词和do动词:be动词也称状态动词,用于说明状态或性质,主要用于构成英语的主系表句型;do动词也称为行为动词,分及物动词和不及物动词; 5 T2 B( ~% F; ?1 u
2) 及物动词和不及物动词:不及物动词后面不跟宾语, 也没有被动语态; 及物动词后面一定要有宾语; 9 G! S' J2 Q' @2 C( ~- u+ L8 p9 Q
3) 双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)结构和复合宾语(宾语 + 宾语补足语)结构:比较下面两个句子: - _, ]5 z5 n3 o, q& q$ |/ y( Y
My mother made me a cake.(母亲给我做了块蛋糕。)
( ~, n4 u0 S- v& Z4 W My father made me a doctor. (父亲把我培养成一名医生。)
* {' O I7 x) S. i6 k, T 第一句是双宾语结构,即 My mother made a cake for me. - ^# x" h4 @1 m, B2 c
第二句是复合宾语结构,其句法功能为:My father made me (to) be a doctor (I am a doctor). 说明复合宾语结构中,宾语和宾语补足语之间有"主谓关系".
# g Y2 h/ _( \5 n7 ~/ ]5 z7 i2 d 4) 情态动词:must, should, ought to, can, may, need, used to 等动词称为情态动词,有三大特征:A. 不受主语人称和数的影响,如:He may go now. / May I go now? 句中may的形式不变;B. 否定时在后面加not, 如:You ought not to have cheated her. C. 与另一动词连用,中间不用 + " to ", 如上举例。
0 J6 R2 Z: @( Y* o 请根据上述原则,(从语法角度)说出以下那种表达方式是对的: # V8 b( o1 m7 _/ R
A. She needs to see a doctor.
' G* H1 C/ S- l, `3 ] B. She doesn’t need to see a doctor. ; m. l+ L$ \. p! r5 `4 T0 G
C. Does she need to see a doctor? 0 [4 J% i5 D- Z& j' i- t2 S
D. She needs not see a doctor. 中华考试网, y8 J# p. `9 u2 B& i! c
E. She needn’t see a doctor.
& i. Z( ], _% Q* H F. She doesn’t need see a doctor.
1 W$ g) h: A8 W% r- S i G. She needs see a doctor. : x# A: t- i8 ~4 D2 Q L1 c
从语法角度看,A、B、C、E是对的。
% S+ j; v' {5 \1 w+ Y0 R: s 5) 助动词:帮助实意动词构成某种结构的词,如: He did come yesterday; I saw him in the office.(他昨天确实来了;我在办公室见到他的。—— 表示强调) |