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从一定意义上讲,英语语法就是动词的语法,因此,掌握动词的特性、变化、句型是学习英语语法的重中之重。为了能更好地理解下面的讲课内容,首先要搞清动词的几个基本概念。 6 U- E0 ]. e. r
1) be 动词和do动词:be动词也称状态动词,用于说明状态或性质,主要用于构成英语的主系表句型;do动词也称为行为动词,分及物动词和不及物动词; 5 j. f# X% A! Y
2) 及物动词和不及物动词:不及物动词后面不跟宾语, 也没有被动语态; 及物动词后面一定要有宾语; 2 F$ O+ i) y3 i" }: |* c
3) 双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)结构和复合宾语(宾语 + 宾语补足语)结构:比较下面两个句子: ( S# O7 Q) i" g! \
My mother made me a cake.(母亲给我做了块蛋糕。)
: B! Q$ G# f6 ]7 v+ Y My father made me a doctor. (父亲把我培养成一名医生。) ( C+ D/ I; |( A# n. c
第一句是双宾语结构,即 My mother made a cake for me.
% U8 @; ^1 A. e$ c+ a9 ?; O; x& ^ 第二句是复合宾语结构,其句法功能为:My father made me (to) be a doctor (I am a doctor). 说明复合宾语结构中,宾语和宾语补足语之间有"主谓关系".
& X2 L7 {- H" J! | 4) 情态动词:must, should, ought to, can, may, need, used to 等动词称为情态动词,有三大特征:A. 不受主语人称和数的影响,如:He may go now. / May I go now? 句中may的形式不变;B. 否定时在后面加not, 如:You ought not to have cheated her. C. 与另一动词连用,中间不用 + " to ", 如上举例。
2 G* V# |* |$ G8 k4 E 请根据上述原则,(从语法角度)说出以下那种表达方式是对的: # Q5 }1 i2 x+ S6 D) Q; X) h6 U! L/ u
A. She needs to see a doctor. # I `7 d' x) R# [3 [: n5 _
B. She doesn’t need to see a doctor.
6 l) o( M* r* n& h" d" Q: Q C. Does she need to see a doctor? 4 p( v7 k: M- F, U/ V
D. She needs not see a doctor. 中华考试网1 m) F. }; k0 `/ \, j' D" m
E. She needn’t see a doctor. 3 H: s3 L/ h: m- N
F. She doesn’t need see a doctor. ( X2 X2 Y( s7 k6 }7 k& x6 N+ e
G. She needs see a doctor. 6 _, D9 @0 S) N
从语法角度看,A、B、C、E是对的。
. H1 w0 n f! P5 k% _ 5) 助动词:帮助实意动词构成某种结构的词,如: He did come yesterday; I saw him in the office.(他昨天确实来了;我在办公室见到他的。—— 表示强调) |