2013年职称英语综合类重点语法解析(03)8 P" z0 j, I% v1 l. [9 N- g' {
名词的数:; j D9 C+ d0 A7 J, T
重点应了解和掌握以下内容:2 Q3 f5 t' {& T) G
1、名词的可数和不可数:
% R& _! p) I- k5 I' ?7 x3 |* @ 与汉语不同,英语中名词要区分可数与不可数。0 K* I+ H9 L5 C F4 J- R
笼统地讲,物质名词,如:water(水), iron(铁), wood(木头)等, 和抽象名词,如:democracy(民主), freedom(自由), happiness(幸福)等为不可数。 P/ A1 t- S- H$ D* R& C4 O
不可数名词前不能加a (an),后面不能加s (es),这是考试中对此类题目判断的重要依据。
+ Z& [& l, W, z: R8 x 2、以下名词为不可数名词:
0 B8 e" t3 W: s ^) H! s news(消息) information(信息). _6 Y0 D' u1 V0 y
furniture (家具) equipment(设备)
! |) j+ ?1 K- X advice (劝告) weather(天气)
# n# k) l( Y$ g, n# ] work*(工作) clothing(衣服)
, s' }+ m: O6 |$ |9 Z/ i8 ?, O baggage(行李)6 e+ I' n% M/ l( P
work作 "工作" 解释时为不可数名词,"找工作"不能说to find a work, 应为to find a job; work作"着作"、"作品"解时是可数名词,如:Deng Xiaopin's works (邓小平着作)/ a work about Deng
. d5 `8 T0 X' H' s A Xiaopin (一件关于邓小平的作品);作 "工厂" 解释时,单复数同形:a steel works (一个钢铁厂) / two chemical works(两家化工厂)
9 o: c: y, _2 K( C- c. e- n 实例:- L- M& h9 I9 ^ D
We have a large staff but there ______ in the office.
( T1 L4 N1 Y" g A A. haven't many furnitures
0 x( W! q( Q8 m+ N B. aren't many furnitures
! G$ ]. H+ L4 y0 i C. hasn't much furniture
0 f* _/ _0 @( N) v D. isn't enough furniture
! h1 \+ r; o8 S# i1 [( j7 i 解题思路:根据名词数的概念A、B肯定错,不必考虑;C、D的主要差异是"hasn't"与 "isn't", 句子中有there,说明该句是there be句型,故正确答案为D.题中staff, office 等词与解题无关。- R9 B3 s. Q0 F9 R- c' B
注意辨别句子中斜体词的数及其意义:. \9 |1 W+ ^1 y0 f- [
There is still much room for improvement. (仍有许多改进的余地)
7 `2 Y/ W" f6 A; @ He has published two important papers on this subject. (他在这个课题上已发表了两篇重要论文。) |