2013年职称英语综合类重点语法解析(11)
' W" y+ e( v: X, R& t: l动词
2 V: A, ^6 a# T' b" w1 H; H 从一定意义上讲,英语语法就是动词的语法,因此,掌握动词的特性、变化、句型是学习英语语法的重中之重。为了能更好地理解下面的讲课内容,首先要搞清动词的几个基本概念。 0 e* l3 ?7 `) s
[资料]2012年中石油职称英语考试真题公布
' D" E8 ^3 k$ Z/ h7 A+ C 1) be 动词和do动词:be动词也称状态动词,用于说明状态或性质,主要用于构成英语的主系表句型;do动词也称为行为动词,分及物动词和不及物动词;
0 |' M+ j6 [( z1 H0 I) k 2) 及物动词和不及物动词:不及物动词后面不跟宾语, 也没有被动语态; 及物动词后面一定要有宾语; 3 ^( e$ f7 F/ l
3) 双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)结构和复合宾语(宾语 + 宾语补足语)结构:比较下面两个句子: " R1 |5 p: l3 L3 a
My mother made me a cake.(母亲给我做了块蛋糕。)
) u* W0 e5 c3 q* _ My father made me a doctor. (父亲把我培养成一名医生。)
/ y! n, ]+ F9 h' q8 Y$ ^ 第一句是双宾语结构,即 My mother made a cake for me. www.ExamW.CoM
, B' W/ ~& W5 F( B e( G 第二句是复合宾语结构,其句法功能为:My father made me (to) be a doctor (I am a doctor). 说明复合宾语结构中,宾语和宾语补足语之间有"主谓关系".
2 ]9 A$ J0 | M) ]0 i 4) 情态动词:must, should, ought to, can, may, need, used to 等动词称为情态动词,有三大特征:A. 不受主语人称和数的影响,如:He may go now. / May I go now? 句中may的形式不变;B. 否定时在后面加not, 如:You ought not to have cheated her. C. 与另一动词连用,中间不用 + " to ", 如上举例。
; ^2 |8 S2 O* I* y3 d 请根据上述原则,(从语法角度)说出以下那种表达方式是对的: 2 \* X9 W# F* [# K$ r# A
A. She needs to see a doctor.
+ v" k% V! j9 L% W: g4 d( }% | B. She doesn’t need to see a doctor. : S2 g: j0 b3 g' S5 D
C. Does she need to see a doctor? ; } a% N Y5 d7 z5 m
D. She needs not see a doctor.
3 O' k, ^4 N) P$ G6 Y+ T E. She needn’t see a doctor.
& {- p' ~# \' `/ e: D F. She doesn’t need see a doctor.
7 I# _) L& \ H" ]4 q# o& c" ?1 C G. She needs see a doctor.
6 u" a7 A. V' P+ j- d4 d! ?6 r' n 从语法角度看,A、B、C、E是对的。 9 }+ H* e, x" t
5) 助动词:帮助实意动词构成某种结构的词,如: He did come yesterday; I saw him in the office.(他昨天确实来了;我在办公室见到他的。—— 表示强调) |