2013年职称英语综合类重点语法解析(15)
9 L9 m, {1 _9 k3 { ]第三句型:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
4 h, y# c5 X8 u' L* v 我们知道,名词可以做主语和宾语,非谓语动词 -ing和 to do也可以做主语和宾语, # N. Y& k8 K8 |9 K2 T+ y
作主语:
& @# `1 A+ E+ O0 C: D# w Learning a foreign language is not easy.(学门外语并不容易。) ! F6 ~6 ~6 U; s) w
To learn a foreign language is not easy. (= It is not easy to learn a foreign language.) 1 c: d* z; R Q2 `' u6 l+ K
从语法角度讲,上述两个表达方式都可以。
+ g# w) d* a0 }+ g 但是,当动词处于宾语位置时,就不能这样"随心所欲"了,因为英语语法有以下几个规定: : W8 R6 x7 U4 g
1)acknowledge / admit / appreciate / avoid / consider / contemplate / defer / deny / dislike / enjoy / escape / evade / excuse / facilitate / fancy / favor / feel like / finish / give up / cannot help / cannot stand / imagine / include / keep (on) / do not mind / miss / permit / practice / regret / resent / risk / suggest 等词后面的动词宾语必须用-ing 形式,重点和首先要掌握黑体字部分。由于这些次的词义与解题关系不大,没有给出具体词义解释。若需要,请学生自己查字典解决。 ( F6 H6 R5 y- ^8 R2 t% N( g) A
这是语法考试的一个重点,要对以上词特别敏感,例如:
; ]3 E6 U9 R2 \- ^3 E7 l4 ^3 C It is impossible to avoid ______ by the stormy weather. & U4 m ?- V' I% Z! H; g
A. being much affected
) i# `" V0 Z2 y B. having much affected
6 m: A" b; }2 | C. to be much affected 9 V( u8 A c* E* U8 g
D. to have been much affected
* C }7 N& l. s+ V# s 解题思路:1)一看到avoid一词,便可确定正确答案在A、B中; 2)affect意为"影响",及物动词,故B不对。[如果做题时间来不及,此类题目若有"主动语态"和"被动语态"之分,一般选"被动语态"的正确率高些。] 7 g- N" x! a) m8 w" W# I
2) remember / forget:后面既可跟 -ing, 也可跟 to do,但意思不一样:to do表示说话时还没有发生的事,-ing表示对已经发生过事的回忆,如:"我昨天出门时忘了关窗了。"显然是指出门时还没 , c N4 i- ^! k$ I2 j' I
有做的事,因此用to do形式;"我不记得以前见过你。"显然是指说话以前的事,因此用 -ing形式,即: 1 F& j' o1 \4 l5 i' D/ ^7 N
I forgot to close the windows when I left home yesterday. 3 w" b% w7 n. n* e ~
I don’t remember seeing you before.
: q( Q7 F9 v& S/ }; W 因此,除了知道这个规定外,分清"发生过"还是"没有发生"是解题的关键。 考试用书
5 j2 M6 f! b% N: a 实例:
' }; v+ a+ Z' Z, N9 m! i Do you remember ______ to Professor Smith during your last visit? 9 V. e: q4 b; a0 s, }6 V) @
A. to have been introduced 2 V' @. g4 m5 f% |3 r3 h8 E
B. having introduced 0 ? W7 _1 t- S4 X2 \
C. being introduced % q. N1 [/ ]0 I/ U% k
D. to be introduced 8 H# x0 l4 v' a% A. G" K: J
解题思路:1)第一步要确定"发生过"还是"没有发生",即A、D还是B、C,"你记得上次访问时被介绍给Smith教授的情况吗?"显然是已发生的事,选B、C;2)"introduce"(介绍)后没有宾语,说明是"被动语态:,故选C [再看一下上一节中的 "解题思路"] 4 r, G. [1 L" i; L6 z
3)need / want / require等解释为"需要"时,有两种表达方式,如: - |7 n; Q5 u3 }- \1 V
"这间会客室需要打扫一下"
! X, S* p1 z) A5 g7 {' @ A.This waiting room needs to be cleaned. (to 被动式)
m" Y" V J- u- T/ S B.This waiting room needs cleaning.(-ing主动式) 6 b' Z( |' ]% I3 {2 s
考试时若同时出现两种选择,选B
6 t$ A% N2 G( V( {0 A9 m! n, r 4)look forward to / object to / subject to / be subjected to / be opposed to / oppose to中的 "to" 是介词,后面应跟名词或动名词-ing, |