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[职称英语综合] 2013年职称英语综合类重点语法解析(23)

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发表于 2012-8-15 23:36:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
2013年职称英语综合类重点语法解析(23)0 Y, T: \) E5 ]! a4 {) o: x
另一个关系副词是why,由于它固定与the reason搭配, 即: the reason why,不难理解,一般也不作为考试的重点。例如:
# S  F  m! [& p' \' n  This is the reason why the electronic computer cannot entirely replace man. 这就是(为什么)电子计算机不能完全代替人的原因。
7 r2 D2 w8 [8 Y' j  whose (= of which / whom):做先行词(不管是人还是物)的定语,汉语为"…的",不要考虑是否是限制性或非限制性定语从句, 例如:
# O2 g1 i: L# e% [4 e  Pay attention to that boy whose temperature is very high. (理论上也可以写成:Pay attention to that boy the temperature of whom is very high. 注意那个男孩,他的体温很高。(非限制性) / 注意那个体温很高的男孩。(限制性)# c2 e( B* m. j  b# i1 b
  介词 + which (whom)
7 _, u8 B  M( k  先看两个句子:* m- `( V; n+ y0 c8 i+ l, |
  This is the house. He has lived in the house for over 30 years.  M1 u: e7 u; n4 S
  变为↓定语从句
! _& X  J+ j* z8 i' s  This is the house in which he has lived for over 30 years.0 v4 v" K! B  Y+ @  M
  上述句子中,先行词在从句中充当介词宾语,形成"介词 + which / whom"的形式,考试时要求作出1)要不要介词;2)若要,使用什么介词的判断。由于英语中介词搭配多为习惯用法,没有多少规律可循,因此这是定语从句考试的一个难点。
+ H# v  j- C# ~$ b0 p: v  记住四个字:瞻前顾后外语学习网
$ m5 R9 F9 _! j3 @! r" Z" S' a  瞻前:先看看先行词一般与什么介词搭配,例如:" D' P9 m. y1 _" O3 S; F
  There are occasions _____ which joking is not permissible.
! C: s) Q5 N+ S5 y! o  → Joking is not permissible _____ (certain) occasions.* i* j3 C: R% Y: |$ `* D
  常与occasion搭配的介词是什么?on, 即:$ \" P" ^( W2 v
  Joking is not permissible on (certain) occasions. (有的场合是不容许开玩笑的。)( i' X7 @1 E0 m$ ]- ]6 ~3 ~
  ↓
$ c8 G- p1 E! r( ?/ o4 ^! q) i- d4 X, F9 }
  There are occasions on which joking is not permissible.
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-15 23:36:11 | 显示全部楼层

2013年职称英语综合类重点语法解析(23)

</p>  顾后:看看谓语动词常与什么介词搭配,例如:; X# H% K; ^7 Y# g  i1 d( `
  This car, ____ which I paid a lot of money, is now out of date.
% v- R! B3 S; r# R* L! \  → I paid a lot of money ______ this car.
" Y/ g# c, r$ O3 y1 W  Pay (money) for something 是一个固定的搭配,因此应填介词 "for"
' W* V+ ~( U" s( ?& a2 ]7 _  当A、B、C、D中出现 " 介词 + which / whom" 选项时,而你又确实看不懂时,应倾向于选择" 介词 + which / whom"的形式,例如:: n. [0 b  h6 z. e( q
  The two elements _____ water is made are the gases oxygen and hydrogen.* x' N1 ~) d6 @5 q
  A. that1 |8 S6 ?) L! A* A# V
  B. which
( ?) \1 S  Q9 o/ S7 p1 X  C. with which
2 L/ j4 o7 V% s. _( p  D. of which3 i( v$ x$ l4 B" m1 I! N
  倾向选择C、D;正确答案D,"be made of "(由…组成):
1 U3 e- Q. t2 g3 \( D$ K6 L3 Z* O  The two elements are gases (oxygen and hydrogen).6 c% [, P/ q) r. X0 Z: i3 b9 R8 X
  Water is made of the two elements.1 ?( |4 U7 A  [- k
  两个句子一合并,便是该句选择。
# C5 r8 G" n0 O5 Q( z1 z. w1 _  (四)其他应注意的确问题:* A; S; P. W7 o! s" k. B/ O
  (1) 同位语从句只能用"that"连接中华考试网' @$ M" j2 p, f6 w) ~8 F* c
  常见的同位语先行词有:fact(事实), possibility(可能), idea(想法), belief(相信), doubt(疑问), news(消息), order(命令), promise(承诺), evidence(证据), suggestion(建议)等,例如:* D6 `5 x- C6 h2 O; w4 Y" y
  Is there any possibility that all the villagers can send their children to school?(有没有这种可能,所有村民都能送他们的孩子上学?)+ b# \) [/ H# g( Y( S! g# W
  There can be no doubt that he is a qualified doctor.(毫无疑问,他是个合格的医生。)9 ^9 `4 \, g8 t* b. M
  (2) "as" 也可以做关系代词用于连接定语从句,特别是在"such…as…", "the same as…" 以及"正如…"的结构中,例如:
( {; a# C2 E) R$ C2 D- [  u+ ^  I have never seen a thing as he described. (我从未见过他所描述的那种事。)9 Q" E4 R0 Z5 W6 Y7 g, _
  As was expected, the performance was a great success. (正如所料,演出获得了巨大成功。)1 W9 J1 u# w7 h/ {$ h" J* l5 j
  把该句理解为:The performance was a great success, which was expected,就比较容易理解as的这种用法。
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