2013年职称英语考试句型语序：关系代词(2)

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2013年职称英语考试句型语序：关系代词(2)
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which" 结构交替使用，例如：
　　There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
　　Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
) u6 d  ?8 R" B1 }　　Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
) V3 J) Y1 k) K$ y! [- P　　限制性和非限制性定语从句 (***)
* ?" ^& T2 Q+ n6 B1 B  v- ~; T+ Z　　例如：
0 Y* j" B. B$ M  j& E% C0 |* Q　　1)This is the house which we bought last month.(限制性)
　　The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.。(非限制性)
　　2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
$ g9 }; b7 T; Z+ B' y　　Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
　　My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
- {  q5 W, b. _/ i6 w0 A' f  U　　This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 来自www.Examw.com
　　3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
　　He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
　　Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
- A& r8 y" j3 w3 G　　说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
　　b. 名词性从句(Noun Clauses)
( F+ Q' h& \, h/ p# T; `. u: W  e+ |　　在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它能在复合句中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。在名词性从句中，连接词that既没有实际意义，又不充当任何成分，只起引导从句的作用, 引导宾语从句时经常省去。