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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 2 t7 G9 A; R* B/ d8 @0 F* z7 F
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Before 1933, and particularly during the period 1929-33, bank failures were not uncommon. _1_ a bank overextended itself in creating credit or if several of its important loans could not be _2_, depositors in the bank would frequently become panicky and begin to make large withdrawals. __3__ the bank had only a small number of its deposits backed by currency, the band would soon be unable to meet withdrawals, and most depositors __4__ their money. Most frequently a bank merely needed time to improve its cash position by __5__ some of its loans and not making additional ones. In 1933, the number of bank failures __6__ a peak, forcing the federal government to intervene and __7__ the banks temporarily. To help restore the public’s confidence __8__ banks and strengthen the banking community, Congress passed legislation setting up the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. __9__ corporation, an agency of the federal government, now insures over 90 percent of all mutual savings and commercial bank deposits for __10__ $100,000 per deposit. The FDIC has __11__ its insurance fund by charging member institutions one-twelfth of 1 percent of their total deposits.
% M# _: K& L* A7 ~7 `) X As a result of the protection provided by the FDIC and through other kinds of supervision, bank failures have been __12__ to a few isolated instances. When deposits are federally insured, people __13__ rush to withdraw their money if they __14__ the financial condition of their bank. The delay gives the banks the necessary time to adjust their cash credit balance, and this action helps to reduce the __15__ of bankruptcy. For an example of the value of the FDIC, note that the failure in 1974 of the huge Franklin National Bank did not touch off a panic, and that depositors lost no money as Franklin was taken over by another bank. 2 K5 u7 m: C; K( d
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EXERCISE:
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1. A) Although B) Even if C) If D) Because * [3 G- }0 Y2 T' ~
2. A) repaid B) deposited C) found D) saved
' V) h# G( E0 i' S9 \3. A) Because B) Because of C) As a result D) considering
0 }. o7 }) j# u& z' _4. A) lost B) had lost C) will lose D) would lose
, E9 N8 y. B4 g6 f5. A) calling on B) calling for C) calling off D) calling in
! a8 j) [2 w7 t9 I/ N% M6. A) fell from B) reached C) climbed up D) arrived
* Q6 {' M- V1 u* G" ]7. A) closed B) closing C) close D) has closed
/ i+ n; D, z( e t8. A) to B) in C) of D) into
, P* r' e/ }, E0 l" N9. A) For the B) This C) As a D) A
/ b5 A+ z7 l7 }* A W10. A) up to B) as much C) as many as D) equal
* x( h2 o8 a3 U3 W/ j$ ~! Q11. A) built up B) build up C) been built D) build
( g' O! J! b8 i2 P12. A) growing B) increased C) reduced D) disappeared
, ]3 b1 k% k8 w2 L; H* O. W3 p13. A) no B) any more C) no longer D) not
* \( H6 Y" G, x4 t& ~( _7 u0 t14. A) become concerned about B) become concerned with * i* X/ I* O9 s
C) become concerned in D) concern
: p ]% b V( @3 t, a v9 Q15. A) likely B) possibility C) possibly D) opportunity ; x* _5 ^* S2 h9 h( Y
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Key: CAADD BCBBA ACCAB
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Brokers * C4 u" [" V/ d0 i, |* R! v
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( G6 t b1 R5 b; N7 N0 L Brokers neither physically handle products being distributed nor work on a continuing __1__ with their principals. __2__, a broker is an independent wholesaling middleman that brings buyers and sellers together and provides market information to either party. Most brokers work for sellers, __3__ a small percentage represent buyers. 8 r: w" x p/ v. Y' _0 W: o
Brokers have no authority to set prices. They simply negotiate a sale and leave it up to the seller to accept or __4__ the buyer’s offer. They also furnish considerable market information __5__ prices, products, and general market conditions.
' @) }# F$ W6 R0 {+ g4 q Because of the limited services provided , brokers receive relatively small commissions-5 percent or less. __6__, brokers need to operate on a low -cost basis.
+ K& x; E! I4 h7 H( D+ F Food brokers __7__ buyers and sellers of food and __8__ general-merchandise items to one another and bring them together to complete a sale. They are well __9__ about market conditions, terms of sale, sources of credit, price setting, potential __10__, and the art of negotiating. They do not actually provide credit but sometimes store and deliver goods. Brokers also do not __11__ goods and usually are not allowed to complete a transaction __12__formal approval. Like other brokers, food brokers generally represent the seller, who pays their commission.
* o% R; [) j# z7 J' n, I, n& s Food brokers, __13__manufactures’ agents, operate in specific geographic locations and work for a limited __14__ of food producers within these areas. Their sales force calls on chain-store buyers, store managers, and institutional purchasing agents. Brokers work __15__with advertising agencies. The average commission for food brokers is 5 per cent of sales. |