</p>不定式
4 W9 H+ E z9 e* W0 p% s1.单个不定式结构作主语,谓语用单数的形式,但是并列的不定式结构作主语时,谓语应该用复数,如:, g: v( w1 \0 {& c- s6 A
T0 go to school(主语)is his dream.上学是他的梦想。) n4 W) l: }5 N3 \1 h" X
To go to school and to stay away from his cruel father(并列主语)ale were what he expected-他期望能去上学,远离他残忍的父亲。
( n6 ?0 }" H. e5 t# J2.跟在名词后面作定语,如:- |0 z# T% }" N- ]7 m; M/ d) V
the ability to operate the machine操作机器的能力the first(second...1ast)people t0 speak第一个(第2个,…最后一个)发育的人* X' ~' D8 Z* Z# _
3.跟在be动词的后面作表语,如:! M: M$ E" E$ q' F% P/ u: Q$ V, a# a
What 1 want to do is to have a sightseeing(表语)around Be.jing.我想做的是在北京观光旅行。
- J4 ^7 Z& [& L w0 |4.跟在及物动词的后面作其宾语,如:5 O3 n N h, o" |% K+ y) D1 ^
I enjoy talking t0 you.(宾语)能和你谈话我真高兴。# G+ g3 L1 I$ `5 K
They dont permit smoking(宾语)in the public places.他们不允许在公众场合吸烟。. |5 m" Q$ D; S$ u
5.对宾语的性质,特征等进行补充说明,作宾语补足语,如:
( ]4 y+ S& v, C$ t4 w9 T g& s' IWe have persuaded him to accept our proposal.一(宾语补足语)我们已经说服他接受了我们的建议。+ f' V) q, P: t2 f& @; W
在使役动词和感官动词的后面常带不to的不定式结构作宾语补足语:+ v# z) t* n) M4 c* k5 G
have(let/make/feel/hear/watch/see/observe)sb.do sthhelp sb.do sth.
4 ?* }6 ^0 i4 u1 I6.作状语。不定式结构在句子中通常充当结果状语和目的状语。如:
( w( k. e. K. [* yHe spent much time 0n his studies to be a top student.一(目的状语)为了成为班上的优等生,他在学习上花了很多的时间He came there to find his friends had left.(结果状语)他到了那里结果发现他的朋友已经走了。
( L6 C d. q, i) R2 Z1 n& e7 B7.作为主语补足语,补充说明主语的性质,特征等,如:/ W2 m) L9 V$ G4 T" s+ Y3 @
He is supposed to come here(主语补足语)tomorrow.他应该明天到这里。1 f8 r, ]1 c+ {
He is said t0 have great talent for art.(主语补足语)据说他在艺术方面很有才华。0 `2 x: h/ }* w, E+ J U- e; h
8.常接不定式作宾语的动词:
, {' @& x( _% _, H1 f$ u ]6 M4 R6 _agree,afford,aim,arrange,appear,ask,attempt,choose,claim,decide,desire,determine.expect,fail,guarantee,hope,endeavor,intend,long,mean,manage,offer,,plan,pledge,pretend,promise,proceed,prove,resolve,refuse,request,swear,tend,try,wait,wish4 J& j$ B6 [& |: Y
9.不定式的习惯用法:
; e! j m- O. U+ C, b1 Z句型:cannot choose but docanl help but% {' e% O* Y) }' Q% z2 x! K
can d0 nothing but do have no choice/alternative but to do
+ {, T7 S/ f D# o$ k6 E, tmight as wellwould rather! A9 G( e, I: j- q
难点解析0 v m4 p, c Z4 a, S- G- R# h( i, F
1.接不定式或动名词在意思上有区别的动词:
" t8 G0 U$ q7 u' g- K& i# b$ Afmean to do想要(做某事)propose to d0打算(做某事)
) r' a. y" o; D, n: K; L- g# o& ^mean doing意味(做某事)propose doing建议(做某事)+ e0 u1 q I; L2 _ n+ n7 d; ]+ V
fforget to do忘记(要做的事)remember to do记得(要做某事)
2 O- ~' V0 E% }- iforget doing忘记(已做的事)remember doing记得(已做过的事)2 S k1 W8 O0 R1 e& Z5 _9 J" A
regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾go on t0 do继而(做另一件事)
5 z* u6 e7 r# {& j$ jregret doing(对已做过的事)后悔g0 on doing继续(做原来的事)
3 d) J. K4 e4 J, efstop to do停下来去做另一件事+ @, p$ A8 L! |0 f* \* S% s
stop doing停止正在做的事
& U) O% c [3 P2 v; U2.下列动词短语中的to是介词,后面应接动名词或名词:
- G: N( r3 J5 W0 R( G5 ~0bject to,resort to,react to,contribute to,look forward to,be accustomed to,be committed to.be ex. x6 F. J7 J* g5 h& q: w
posed to,be subjected t0,be devoted to,be dedicated to,be opposed to,be reconciled to.be contrary to |