职称英语考试理工类A级阅读文章三

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-16 00:07:50

Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQl and are more —l— to go on to university，reveals a major new study2 carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy3 and Sahlgrenska University Hospital．
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)4． The study involved l.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between l 950 and l976．The research group analysed the —2—  of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took fight after they started serving the army．
The study shows a clear link —l— good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test．The strongest links are for —4— thinking and verbal comprehension．But it is only fitness that plays a —5— in the results for the IQ test5，and not strength．“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung —6— and that your brain gets plenty of —7—，”says Michael Nilsson，professor at the S ahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital．“This may be one of the reasons —8— we can see a clear link with fitness，but not with muscular —9—．We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important．”
By analysing data for twins，the researchers have been —10— to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a —11— IQ．
   “We have also shown that those youngsters who —12— their physical fitness between ages of l5 and l8 increase their cognitive performance," says Mafia Aberg，researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre．“This being the case6，physical —13— is a subject that has an important place in schools，and is an absolute must7 if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”
   The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests —14—national service8 with the socio-economic status of the men later in —15—．Those who were fit at l 8 were more likely to go into higher education，and many secured more qualified jobs．

词汇：
Proceedings n．学报，论文集
Swedish adj．瑞典的
Comprehension n．理解
muscular adj．肌肉的

注释：
1．IQ：智商。IQ是intelligence quotient的缩写o
2．reveals a major new study：一项主要的新研究显示。这是一个倒装句，主语是a major new study，谓语是reveals。第三段出现的“says Michael Nilsson”和第五段出现的“says Maria Aberg"也是同一类型的倒装句。
3. Sahlgrenska Academy：瑞典哥德堡大学健康科学研究院
4. the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS)：美国国家科学院学报
5. But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test：“it is…that"是强调式句子结构，被强调的部分是0nly fitness。强调前的句子是：“But only fitness plays a role in the results for the IQ test.”。第四段中出现的“it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness…”那个句子也属强调式句子结构。
6. This being the case：倘若情况果真如此，因此
7. must：用作名词，意思是“必须”
8. national service：兵役，国民服役

练习：
1．A carefully    B secretly    C likely    D happily
2．A answers       B works       C scores    D results
3．A behind       B between    C among    D without
4．A logical       B critical    C typical    D positive
5．A place       B game       C role       D trick
6．A capacity    B disease    C shape    D treatment
7．A change       B hydrogen    C oxygen    D memory
8．A what          B why          C how       D where
9．A exercise    B training    C strength D movement
10．A able       B clever       C lucky    D clear
11．A moderate    B average    C lower    D higher
12．A ignore       B improve    C like       D determine
13．A examination B labour       C movement D during
14．A before       B after       C without    D service
15．A marriage

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-16 00:07:51

答案与题解：
1．C本文第一句就将主题和盘托出：Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ(身体健康的年轻人智商也高)。根据此论断可以推断，智商高的人进入大学学习的可能性也高。读完全文便可知这个推断是对的。所以，本题的答案只能是likely。
2．D第二段第二句说明，该项研究的样本是1950—1976年之间入伍的l20万新兵。新兵们报到时接受了体格测试和智商测试。研究人员对这两类测试的数据进行了分析。四个选项只有results符合这层意思。answers(答案)、works(作品)、scores(分数)都不合适。
3．B上文多次论及身体健康与智商之间的关系。本句又重述两者的联系。四个选项中有个between，答案非它莫属。among是“在…之中”，数量超过2个人或2件事时才用among。本句只说两者的关系，所以不能选among。选项behind和without的意思与上下文搭配不上。
4．A填词所在的句子的意思是，身体健康与某种思维和语言理解能力有关。某种思维是哪
有logical，它就是答案了。其他三个选项critical(临界的；评论的)、typical(典型的})和positive(正面的)与上下文的意思相去甚远，不会是答案。
5．C play a role是固定词组，填入所在句子后，上下文的意思连贯，所以是答案。play a place没有这种搭配。play a game(玩游戏)和play a trick(恶作剧)与上下文的意思搭不上。
6．A由于“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung…”说的是，健康意味着心肺功能好，所以选项disease(疾病)和treatment(治疗)可以排除，而good heart and lung后接shape(形状)，意思是“好的心肺形状"，这与健康的关系也远了一些。本题只有capacity (能力)才是答案。
7．C如前所述，身体健康意味着心肺好，这与大脑有什么关系呢?常识告诉我们，呼吸顺畅，通过肺部进入血液的氧气也多；心功能良好，就能有效地将带有氧气的新鲜血液源源不断地输送到大脑，大脑就能活跃地工作。所以，选项0xygen是答案。
8．B reason(s)后面的定语从句中的关系副词要用why。
9．C第三段第二句给本题的答案提供了线索：“But it is only fitness that playS a role in the results for the IQ test，and not strength．(是健康，而不是力量，对智商测试的结果起了作用)”。本题的句子重复了上述论断，所以，缺失的词应该是strength。这一次作者把strength说得更清楚，指的是muscular strength(肌肉力量)。本题的答案C。
10．A本句的意思是，研究人员分析双胞胎智商上的差异来说明智商差异不会来自基因，因为双胞胎的基因是相同的；智商差异来自后天的环境因素。填入本句最适合的词是able。clever，lucky和clear都不合适；因为研究人员只有通过分析数据才能够得出结论，而不是靠幸运、聪明等。
11．D文章反复论述，一个人身体健康，其智商也高。本句前面用的是fitness(健壮体魄)，后面出现的是IQ，修饰它的形容词就一定是higher。
12．B根据全文的主要论点进行判断，本题的句子表达的意思一定是增强体质与提高智商成正比。所以，填入句子的动词的词义一定与提高和改善认知能力(cognitive performance)有关。根据这一推论，人选的选项只有improve。
13．D研究一下句子“This being the case，physical is a subject．．．”，就知道physical加点要填入空格中的词应该是一门学科(subject)的名称。四个选项中，只有physical education(体育)是门学科，所以，答案是D。
14．D第二段曾说到新兵报到入伍时，接受了体格测试，本题的句子用的是复数形式的tests，说明他们在服兵役期间可能接受多次体格检查，所以要选during(national service)，而before、after、without都与上述意思不配合。
15．B研究人员将新兵报到入伍时体格测试和智商测试的结果和他们后来的社会经济地位进行了比较。比较的是哪方面的社会经济地位呢?最合理的选择是later in life(后来的生活中)。而later in marriage(后来的婚姻中)、later in residence(后来的居住中)或later in service(后来的服务中)与社会经济地位搭配，显得十分勉强，所以不会是答案。

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[理工类英语] 职称英语考试理工类A级阅读文章三

职称英语考试理工类A级阅读文章三