经济金融术语 汉英对照表 Y-Z

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Y
养老基金 pension fund
5 V3 I% t! b# \! J/ |一刀切 universal application;non-discretionary implementation
一级市场 primary market
应收未收利息 overdue interest 外语学习网
银行网点 banking outlets
. R: F- W& B0 v( P+ o/ L赢利能力 profitability
营业税 business tax
硬贷款（商业贷款） commercial loans
用地审批 to grant land use right
  k8 D: v# d* S+ A- N% {0 z有管理的浮动汇率 managed floating exchange rate
: |& `: h; t) c7 [$ |2 [* q0 y证券投资 portfolio investment
* ~4 H* N; ^, m游资（热钱） hot money
有市场的产品 marketable products
有效供给 effective supply
诱发新一轮经济扩张 trigger a new round of economic expansion
8 f0 M4 J' D: n2 Z$ M逾期贷款 overdue loans;past-due loans
与国际惯例接轨 to become compatible with internationally accepted
+ f( U  y0 X! R- n与国际市场接轨 to integrate with the world market
预算外支出（收入） off-budget （extra-budgetary） expenditure（revenue）
3 v2 D+ v/ E, E8 F+ i预调 pre-emptive adjustment
月环比 on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basis

Z
: {) c! L7 d5 ^! W1 `$ R7 t再贷款 central bank lending
在国际金融机构储备头寸 reserve position in international financial institutions
在人行存款 deposits at （with） the central bank
# k/ ^5 @5 B& P* K) g- g在途资金 fund in float
增加农业投入 to increase investment in agriculture
* G5 t: {% U4 r. p) u/ q8 J增势减缓 deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum
增收节支措施 revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures
增长平稳 steady growth
+ c+ `2 e( V1 e, T3 X增值税 value-added tax（VAT）
0 V& h8 q7 U% z. m  C( V) Y" q涨幅偏高 higher-than-desirable growth rate;excessive growth
账外账 concealed accounts
折旧 depreciation
2 e! ?4 N1 h+ z" W) U, B整顿 retrenchment;consolidation
9 s2 J$ g% [# H) i政策工具 policy instrument
政策性业务 policy-related operations
政策性银行 policy banks
政策组合 policy mix
! I4 G% Z. K. m4 q5 D6 a政府干预 government intervention
证券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions
证券业务占款 funding of securities purchase
6 E8 f: O* c! N2 ~2 x9 u/ _支付困难 payment difficulty
支付能力 payment capacity
1 C6 |# a9 E, V直接调控方式向 to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments
间接调控方式转变职能转换 transformation of functions
职业道德 professional ethics
' {6 b2 Q9 z* ?3 n. m指令性措施 mandatory measures
1 a* B0 W+ r4 v指令性计划 mandatory plan;administered plan
/ j) T& m6 D/ b  |+ t制定和实施货币政策 to conduct monetary policy;to formulate and implement monetary policy
滞后影响 lagged effect
中介机构 intermediaries
中央与地方财政 delineation of fiscal responsibilities
分灶吃饭重点建设 key construction projects;key investment project
周期谷底 bottom（trough）of business cycle
周转速度 velocity
主办银行 main bank
主权风险 sovereign risk
4 M- f2 [3 J" @6 A, P注册资本 registered capital
; {) H/ _: X) b7 A: U! V逐步到位 to phase in;phased implementation
% |/ E8 v& n2 g& c( B! ^逐步取消 to phase out
4 w6 c: j/ W" |  ?5 @抓大放小 to seize the big and free the small（to maintain close oversight on the large state-ownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market competition）
: k& N- g8 i) i1 v. W* [& P专款专用 use of funds as ear-marked
转贷 on-lending
转轨经济 transition economy
转机 turnaround
转折关头 turning point
  [* o6 ?8 i3 e4 B: ?准财政赤字 quasi-fiscal deficit
/ f& i0 {: q2 [1 r$ J准货币 quasi-money
资本不足 under-capitalized
- r9 f/ B- W0 D资本充足率 capital adequacy ratio
* s& A* O+ f: N2 ^资本利润率 return on capital
: ^- _9 k  S7 Q资本账户可兑换 capital account convertibility
资不抵债 insolvent;insolvency
8 N9 Z) U, h* Z$ O5 h. S. `+ U资产负债表 balance sheet
资产负债率 liability/asset ratio;ratio of liabilities to assets
资产集中 asset concentration
资产贡献率 asset contribution factor
资产利润率 return on assets （ROA）
资产质量 asset quality
6 x# b8 D" y9 h3 h9 M资产组合 asset portfolio
: g$ d0 z% n: U0 z7 r/ G资金成本 cost of funding;cost of capital;financing cost
资金到位 fully funded （project）
2 A# e, E: \0 Q4 T资金宽裕 to have sufficient funds
资金利用率 fund utilization rate
资金缺口 financing gap
资金体外循环 financial disintermediation
资金占压 funds tied up
  L3 V- z7 ~! M自筹投资项目 self-financed projects
自有资金 equity fund
综合国力 overall national strength（often measured by GDP）
综合效益指标 overall efficiency indicator
; }" X3 V. r, B2 R  j" s; l综合治理 comprehensive adjustment（retrenchment）;over-haul
总成交额 total contract value
总交易量 total amount of transactions
总成本 total cost
& T6 G- k+ U  b$ o) W  Y最后贷款人 lender of last resort