The American Financial System (1)
9 ^5 A$ \$ i: G# e0 t 美国金融制度(一)2 n& W7 S7 I$ [; U; d/ p
Situation 6& {3 {# W1 |4 e5 n
情景 6* I5 F2 U+ V8 S! Y
Iwao Tanaka ,making his first business trip to the United States,is talking to an American banker about the financial and monetary system of the U.S.
$ R/ L3 n% h( x- f0 m' l e 田中岩夫第一次因公出差工到美国,他正在与美国的一位银行家谈到美国金融和货币制度。
* i) p$ i2 y Y0 _ Tanaka:What is meant by the term Federal Reserve System ?Is that the central bank of the UnitedStates?
" @( F! b# {! w' T7 s 田 中:什么是美国联邦储蓄系统?它是美国的中央银行吗?' A% u1 X7 ?+ C2 Q6 O4 A; e
Banker :Technically it is not ,Mr.Tanaka,but it functions in that capacity .7 w1 t7 C" _" k7 v* \! D# g- ~
银行家:从法律上讲,它不是,田中先生。但是它发挥了那样的作用。
3 u }' w: J/ x The Federal Reserve System ,or the Fed as it is usually called,is the fiscal agent of the United States.
4 v7 `1 Z: W" {5 k" _+ h5 F4 f 美国联邦储备系统即平常称之为“联邦”的是美国财政机构。. a- s9 J1 b2 K8 c( ]* l5 \
It has authority to issure notes which are the main currency of the country ,, m2 K* q+ U7 r9 I, {8 i- Q$ _
它有权发行作为国家主要货币的纸币,9 Y' t7 d5 }2 b! ~6 W) x/ L$ b
to control the money supply and to supervise banks and banking practices in the country .9 D! R1 S3 W4 t% l2 [) p
有权控制货仙的供应量,并有权监督国内银行及银行业务活动。
7 v) h6 K4 L+ ]) f- N T;It’s owned by the government ,isn’t it ?4 D$ }8 i4 S. s) X! u
田 中:它属于政府所有,是吗?4 {% z, n+ Z9 V) s4 t
B:No ,it isn’t .Actually ,the Fed really consists of 12 banks which are owned by all the nationallychartered banks in their respective districts. j9 q: \1 P5 ^, w
银行家:不是的。实际上,美国联邦储备系统包括十二家银行,这些银行都是由所在地区的国家立案银行掌握所有权。1 {- c! r' C4 n4 e- Q8 ^4 D
But the supervisory board ,called the Board of Governors,is a government agency responsible tothe Congress.+ M! o8 X" N# E/ V' d, O; l3 [
但是他被称为“总裁理事会”的具有监督作用的理事会是一个政府机构,它向国会负责。" H+ R' {4 y7 U- J( ]6 `
T:What do you mean by nationally chartered banks?Don’t all banks have to have charters?
+ o# T: ~' [2 f; `6 F 田 中:您所说的国家立案的银行是什么意思?难道不是所有的银行都必须立案吗? I- m; p" L, P4 H' r% h
B:Yes,every bank must have a charter or license to do business .But we have a dual bankingsystem here in the United States.* @1 i E+ Y& m
银行家:是的,每个银行都必须立案或者得到准许证才能营业。但是在美国,我们这里实行的是双重银行体制,0 L2 Q1 X9 Q9 J+ v$ n, N! d* f
That means some banks are licensed by the Federal government and some by individual states.
M* O. M/ ~, c, s8 g 就是说,有些银行是由联邦政府签发的准许证,而有些则是各个州签发的。5 m7 M* H( M; y; k+ X# C
There are approximately 5,000 national banks and 10,000 state banks in the country .: ?7 h$ o/ S; }9 D" N3 H
在美国大约有5000所国立银行和10000所州立银行。' r2 h' X0 |) h: M
T:Are they all supervised by the Fed?
D$ [2 z# r4 l" R/ r0 S; S: m 田 中:这些银行受美国联邦储备系统监督吗?
/ W8 h" A# _ Q& V B:Only the national banks are .. ?0 A% }/ V: @: L; W! S! R% I
银行家:不,只有国立银行是这样的。 |