The American Financial System (1)
1 j/ d: K$ o; ~$ k* A1 g8 F( v) N 美国金融制度(一)
7 ?" O$ x2 l3 w( j5 z1 X, J$ y+ } Situation 6
- |* u% @! I5 a! ~3 A 情景 6( M6 i6 s- I6 }: e! |& Z
Iwao Tanaka ,making his first business trip to the United States,is talking to an American banker about the financial and monetary system of the U.S.' ^1 a) Z. V( D( |* a
田中岩夫第一次因公出差工到美国,他正在与美国的一位银行家谈到美国金融和货币制度。
9 q% o1 K9 u; [8 ] Tanaka:What is meant by the term Federal Reserve System ?Is that the central bank of the UnitedStates?+ }4 o1 m+ `' A/ G' B8 M. c4 v
田 中:什么是美国联邦储蓄系统?它是美国的中央银行吗?
' O( [5 F7 b: m0 U Banker :Technically it is not ,Mr.Tanaka,but it functions in that capacity .
+ a1 x/ P) ^3 J3 U8 @; H( K3 _) m 银行家:从法律上讲,它不是,田中先生。但是它发挥了那样的作用。
$ B4 U0 [' G, C- u1 U' V+ @# o) z7 M The Federal Reserve System ,or the Fed as it is usually called,is the fiscal agent of the United States.
: {" v3 v! g/ a ^/ t+ l9 W 美国联邦储备系统即平常称之为“联邦”的是美国财政机构。
$ D# j, C7 {" U2 B: R3 _# g It has authority to issure notes which are the main currency of the country ,
! B$ d/ F, V, [5 C 它有权发行作为国家主要货币的纸币,; K& N6 Z8 v" K" U( e2 x
to control the money supply and to supervise banks and banking practices in the country .. J# h- J# M# M+ n4 w, N' m
有权控制货仙的供应量,并有权监督国内银行及银行业务活动。5 p* V# z% s8 ~5 Z' d$ c- G# k1 o
T;It’s owned by the government ,isn’t it ?2 o( |- j! R3 @5 }2 }8 b' F
田 中:它属于政府所有,是吗?
$ h T, ?3 f* j- V9 f B:No ,it isn’t .Actually ,the Fed really consists of 12 banks which are owned by all the nationallychartered banks in their respective districts.# @. A1 ]8 t1 S( a1 c4 e
银行家:不是的。实际上,美国联邦储备系统包括十二家银行,这些银行都是由所在地区的国家立案银行掌握所有权。
5 c. M; ^- q) M6 M/ [ But the supervisory board ,called the Board of Governors,is a government agency responsible tothe Congress.! Z6 Y7 F+ R2 Q& Z0 H) h2 v5 O
但是他被称为“总裁理事会”的具有监督作用的理事会是一个政府机构,它向国会负责。
( a7 F$ W- g, W- g T:What do you mean by nationally chartered banks?Don’t all banks have to have charters?
1 ^, T! p/ `7 l6 b0 j7 j' Y/ s3 t 田 中:您所说的国家立案的银行是什么意思?难道不是所有的银行都必须立案吗?
. B8 i) T8 w' ?8 d* v6 C B:Yes,every bank must have a charter or license to do business .But we have a dual bankingsystem here in the United States.
1 m' \: }8 P) | 银行家:是的,每个银行都必须立案或者得到准许证才能营业。但是在美国,我们这里实行的是双重银行体制,
8 H/ N* l4 p4 t5 L7 x+ F That means some banks are licensed by the Federal government and some by individual states.
" G7 K) [, r! m/ D/ q 就是说,有些银行是由联邦政府签发的准许证,而有些则是各个州签发的。
5 s/ T2 {2 y5 d3 P3 D1 G2 V& C' V There are approximately 5,000 national banks and 10,000 state banks in the country .
1 j6 p& p4 f* r' ]2 F8 ~- ^" ~ 在美国大约有5000所国立银行和10000所州立银行。
+ ]6 f- [) j; K3 e0 B T:Are they all supervised by the Fed?
- _$ O3 ]$ o0 X) h& h 田 中:这些银行受美国联邦储备系统监督吗?
, _8 c' e, E, l B:Only the national banks are ./ H L' r" q+ O; B9 H' a7 n0 h4 s3 f
银行家:不,只有国立银行是这样的。 |