金融英语口语辅导：The History

会计考友

　　New Words
1 U  B8 F7 ?, C+ l* H: h/ ^　　新单词
　　Babylon     n.
4 x. u( w5 j/ W　　巴比伦(古代巴比伦王国首都)
　　temple     n.
( W9 Z' T/ _* ]3 C3 @) T' [. n) O　　庙宇，专供某种活动场所
　　(the) Renaissance      n.
  ]& ?- G% m1 _# ]; S　　文艺复兴，
; J- g8 J( Z: q) Q  J　　ancient      adj.
　　古代的
　　Greece    n.
　　希腊
　　breakup     n.
　　分裂，崩溃
) F. Q1 ^0 ^  @; t% w　　decline    n.
　　下降，衰落
4 E! @2 M" s+ G0 [6 R$ }　　usury     n.
2 d1 X$ h3 Z8 F* I  h& x1 }　　高利贷，高利
　　illegal        adj.
/ Z% l! w# o* f4 y　　不合法的；非法的
( t2 j* \5 P, Y% {- |' ]- H& v) Y　　Belgium     n.
7 v; D5 A  i6 G! s3 A( T; k2 {5 H　　比利时
　　function      n.
, E& N5 F/ t' Y2 H　　功能，作用
  ~2 M' N; G9 L' f% a8 a　　complex    adj.
: v7 z6 ~0 M! F; g" @" }　　复杂的
　　especially     adv.
　　特别地
　　expand     v.
/ ]5 f& g+ \, W0 n; X! L) X+ W. \9 S　　扩大
　　partially     adv.
5 }2 x& {" |* m! f& L; S　　部分地
" U) X: ?& d3 @: }7 D　　Venice     n.
　　威尼斯(意大利港市)
　　semi-public     adj.
: G* E) G  P2 ^　　半公立的
　　Phrases & Expressions
" b6 U. P" m1 o2 N% Q) K$ J　　Roman Empire
8 X, E* \3 L5 H　　罗马帝国
　　emerge from
　　出现，冒出
　　feudal system
/ [' f0 j: N+ ]) e1 @　　封建体制
, N1 b- @  B4 r+ i　　Middle Ages
　　中世纪
5 x# G" E8 D6 |) ]0 l* f　　bill of exchange
　　汇票
　　regulatory function
  A' v+ p# j1 C0 j* o: h. O* |; N　　常规作用
　　Z:Good afternoon!
2 I: ?' c# y: z2 v2 L　　张：下午好！
% [0 b7 N: f  S3 _! k　　A:Good afternoon!
　　全体：下午好！
　　Z:Today I'll introduce something about the history of banking in the west.
0 ^/ G  O2 A" f! X0 }; D' a　　张：今天我要讲点西方银行史。
  s0 f  q  T5 d　　Well, that's very interesting, the earliest banks started in Babylon almost 4 000 years ago.
　　这是很有意思的，最早的银行大约是四千年前在巴比伦建立的。
+ ~- N9 a, C8 z- S5 U, V　　They were really temples which collected deposits and made loans.
　　实际上，那些银行只是一种收集存款并进行的放款的场所。
; l1 q" v" {! r* d1 C　　S1:I see, but I had always thought that banking started during the Renaissance in Europe.
　　学1：我明白了，但我原来一直以为银行业务始于欧洲文艺复兴时期。
　　N:No, it was much earlier than that. Then, there were banks in ancient Greece and Rome, too.
8 K( _$ G8 e/ O2 k1 s; [　　周：不，比那个时期早多了。古希腊和罗马都有许多银行，
　　It wasn't until the breakup of the Roman Empire and the decline in trade and commercial transactions that banking lost its previous importance.
. C5 m8 H# H0 B6 _) L/ M3 H  }+ h) G　　直到罗马帝崩溃和商贸业务的衰落，银行业才失去了它以往的重要性。
　　S2:What about the laws against usury during the Middle Ages?
6 l# K0 Z1 P* h( I+ M) c　　学2：中世纪时，放禁止放高利贷是怎么回事？
. ?8 E+ S4 \. G/ Z) V) W& y　　Didn't such laws make it illegal to charge interest on loans?
　　这些法律没有规定贷款收取利息是非法的吗？
% n) x3 \2 d, p% @. ?# o　　Z:Yes, they did, but these laws were gradually changed during the 14th and 15th centuries and banking functions started appearing again in Italy and Belgium and later in France,
- t% |" C2 B' g　　周：是的，规定了，但是这些法律在14，15世纪时逐步地改变了，银行的作用又在意大利和比利时开始出现，后来又在法国，
6 `: x3 j9 N7 I- k  Y, S6 y; B　　Germany and England.
　　德国和英国。
2 i( \+ X- s8 }: X( H1 ~　　S3:So we can really say that banking restarted during the Renaissance.
　　学3：所以实际上我们可以说，银行业在文艺复兴时期又重新开始了。
% N- `8 C1 R# N5 a- y( t: j　　Z:You are right. We can easily see the need for the development of the banks during that period.
- R3 ^6 N* r& c; w0 k" e+ O　　张：对的。显而易见，银行的发展正是出于那个时期的需要。当欧洲从中世纪封建制度的禁锢中挣脱出来时，
& n* v% c, {8 @　　Commercial and financial transactions had once again started to become more complex as Europe emerged from the feudal system of the Middle Ages.
- T/ o* m1 b0 a　　商业和金融交易再一次开始变得复杂起来了。
　　S4:Could you tell us more in detail?
3 m* t& y+ M1 S/ D0 [　　学4：您能说得再具体些吗？
　　Z:Yeah. For one thing, many banks started that way, especially in France and England,
; X/ x9 Z! v- l$ A% i% E3 M$ B; m　　周：是的。一方面很多银行就是这样兴起的，特别是在法国和英国。
　　but they gradually expanded their activities to handling deposits and loans,
　　可是他们逐渐地扩展他们的经营活动，发展到从事储蓄，贷款，
( ?( t2 z6 p( ~+ Y( n- {　　issuing and trading bills of exchange and even issuing their own notes;
　　发行和买卖汇票，甚至发行他们自己的货币。
　　for another thing, they started the fractional reserve system which is the central feature of modern banks.
, n, b- i' F' [, G& ^　　另一方面他们开始建立起部分储备制度，而这一点正是现代银行的主要特征。
  B/ M) L$ d5 z) Z4 C　　S5:When did the idea of central banks get started?
6 P% J, z" L) G　　学5：建立中央银行的想法是什么时候开始的？
7 e* B  {" h6 G( I9 V　　Z:Well, the first bank that was partially owned and controlled by a state government was established in Venice in 1587.

会计考友

　　张：哦，第一个由国家政府部分拥有和控制的银行是1587年在威尼斯建立起来的。
　　Then, the bank of England appeared. We could call them semi-public.
　　后来英格兰银行出现。我们称这种银行为半公立银行。
　　As a matter of fact, the central banks with specific regulatory functions were created in the middle of 19th century. OK, we call it a day.
4 D0 a( C1 }- r! h4 c# c# j6 \3 B0 ~　　事实上在19世纪中叶具有明确常规作用的中央银行已建立起来。好吧！下课。
　　A:Good-bye!
) H4 x/ e- E5 \3 H3 @" o% ], h: s　　全：再见！