金融英语口语辅导：英国金融制度

会计考友

　　Tatsuo Horita ,a banker from Japan ,is visiting with an officer ofthe Bank of England .
( z, a( T3 a& ]9 p' D　　来自日本的银行家堀田达夫正在与英格兰银行的一位高级职员闲谈，
　　They are talking about the British monetary and financial system .
2 C  O& X3 m% V% p　　他们正谈论着英国的货币和金融制度。
　　Horita:I understand that Bank of England notes have been legal tender in Britain since the earlypart of the 19th century .
1 o7 T* `- @# i( {$ J  }; ?' i　　堀 田：据我所知，从19世纪初叶，英格兰银行发行的纸币就已经成为英国的法币了。
9 _( ^: J& h8 o3 s  o　　Officer:Yes,actually from 1883,long before the Bank of England was the official central bank forBritain.
　　职 员：是的，实际上从1833年开始，英格兰银行早已成为英国的官方中央银行了，
　　And special restrictions put on note issurance by other banks in 1844 caused most banks todiscontinue issuing notes.
7 d4 v  o# W# e& P5 F3 a( \0 F　　而且在1844年，还对其他银行的货币发行实行期一些特别的限制，这就使得大多数的银行不再继续发行纸币。
　　H:Weren’t Bank of England notes backed by specie?
　　堀 田：英格兰银行发行的纸币不是以金银铸币作为依据吗？
1 ~" k6 V$ e, ?1 l, t0 M) {　　O:Specie or government bonds until 1931.Since then ,of course,the Bank of England like othercentral banks has not held specie reserves equal to our note issue.
　　职 员：直到1931年，还是以铸币或政府的债券为依据的。当然，从那以后，象其它的中央银行一样，英格兰银行并不持有与我们发行的纸币等量的金银铸币储备。
　　H:When did the Bank of England become the official central bank of the United Kingdom?
4 C: g3 ?) |7 x　　堀 田：英格兰银行什么时候成为联合王国的官方中央银行的呢？
　　O:That’s difficult to say .Actually ,the bank was nationalized by the government in 1946.
% Y( _& D, J8 p　　职员：这很难说，实际上，在1946年政府已将其收归国有。
　　Before that ,however ,the bank had been the central banking instituion for over a century .
　　然而，在这之前，英格兰银行就已经成为中央银行有100多年了。
9 p7 v1 i' u# n- l% e　　While we were privately owned ,successive governments felt that we operated in the public interestand gradually enacted laws,
　　当时，虽然我们是私立银行，但历届政府都认为我们的业务经营活动有利于公众利益，并逐步地有所立法，
　　which gave us various supervisory functions over other banks .
* W. F! }. E) o% A8 ]　　这一切赋予了我们对其他银行的各种监督职能。
　　H:So the bank now makes fiscal and monetary policies for the country ?
! X# ]3 M5 O4 N1 `2 G　　堀田：因此，目前该银行就是为国家制定财政和金融政策的。
3 l& n' Z' U& V) j  p3 C　　O:In coperation with the Cabinet we do .Our functions are not as independent as those of theFederal Reserve in the United States.
/ L8 w" X- b- c. V4 W( |7 ?　　职员：我们在与内阁合作中行使我们的职能，但我们的职能不象美国联邦储备那样具有独立性。