中华人民共和国海商法（二）

会计考友

　　Chapter II Ships
　　Section 1 Ownership of Ships
6 ~7 h# B# Y# k" m. v% N" Q　　Article 7 The ownership of a ship means the ship owner's rights to lawfully possess， utilize， profit from and dispose of the ship in his ownership.
. X* W- u# x7 z! x, Y1 E  s& g　　Article 8 With respect to a State-owned ship operated by an enterprise owned by the whole people having a legal person status granted by the State， the provisions of this Code regarding the ship owner shall apply to that legal person.
6 K" n# @# y1 S* W6 Y2 ]8 T1 r0 G　　Article 9 The acquisition， transference or extinction of the ownership of a ship shall be registered at the ship registration authorities； no acquisition， transference or extinction of the ship's ownership shall act against a third party unless registered.
: |9 V! C  [1 }　　The transference of the ownership of a ship shall be made by a contract in writing.
　　Article 10 Where a ship is jointly owned by two or more legal persons or individuals， the joint ownership thereof shall be registered at the ship registration authorities. The joint ownership of the ship shall not act against a third party unless registered.
　　Section 2 Mortgage of Ships
" s! ~' o0 n! z2 m, i　　Article 11 The right of mortgage with respect to a ship is the right of preferred compensation enjoyed by the mortgagee of that ship from the proceeds of the auction sale made in accordance with law where and when the mortgagor fails to pay his debt to the mortgagee secured by the mortgage of that ship.
. M- p  B) D: o; i/ x$ e6 }; Z　　Article 12 The owner of a ship or those authorized thereby may establish the mortgage of the ship.
, ~; z- L9 ^) ~  F: N　　The mortgage of a ship shall be established by a contract in writing.
$ f+ m5 e1 u% h( R5 ?　　Article 13 The mortgage of a ship shall be established by registering the mortgage of the ship with the ship registration authorities jointly by the mortgagee and the mortgagor. No mortgage may act against a third party unless registered.
7 g) J' B0 L8 j0 B9 C( B　　The main items for the registration of the mortgage of a ship shall be：
　　（1） Name or designation and address of the mortgagee and the name or designation and address of the mortgagor of the ship；
' G0 H" G1 U9 K$ F7 ^) l5 m* N　　（2） Name and nationality of the mortgaged ship and the authorities that issued the certificate of ownership and the certificate number thereof；
& @9 U% W& @, z6 Q1 f* M. {3 R　　（3） Amount of debt secured， the interest rate and the period for the repayment of the debt.
　　Information about the registration of mortgage of ships shall be accessible to the public for enquiry.
　　Article 14 Mortgage may be established on a ship under construction.
+ @6 P8 M6 k8 G1 w3 e6 P4 b, t　　In registering the mortgage of a ship under construction， the building contract of the ship shall as well be submitted to the ship registration authorities.
& M6 W+ b5 X4 C% Y　　Article 15 The mortgaged ship shall be insured by the mortgagor unless the contract provides otherwise. In case the ship is not insured， the mortgagee has the right to place the ship under insurance coverage and the mortgagor shall pay for the premium thereof.
　　Article 16 The establishment of mortgage by the joint owners of a ship shall， unless otherwise agreed upon among the joint owners， be subject to the agreement of those joint owners who have more than two-thirds of the shares thereof.
8 l: I9 |5 Y# d/ H, e　　The mortgage established by the joint owners of a ship shall not be affected by virtue of the division of owner ship thereof.
2 Q) n( i$ ]9 s: l) |- n" H　　Article 17 Once a mortgage is established on a ship， the ownership of the mortgaged ship shall not be transferred with out the consent of the mortgagee.
　　Article 18 In case the mortgagee has transferred all or part of his right to debt secured by the mortgaged ship to another person， the mortgage shall be transferred accordingly.
　　Article 19 Two or more mortgages may be established on the same ship. The ranking of the mortgages shall be determined according to the dates of their respective registrations.
0 |$ X# ^% H6 B! z( M4 w　　In case two or more mortgages are established， the mortgagees shall be paid out of the proceeds of the auction sale of the ship in the order of registration of their respective mortgages. The mortgages registered on the same date shall rank equally for payment.

会计考友

　　Article 20 The mortgages shall be extinguished when the mortgaged ship is lost. With respect to the compensation paid from the insurance coverage on account of the loss of the ship， the mortgagee shall be entitled to enjoy priority in compensation over other creditors.</p>
. S  t3 F5 V. K$ v- d' U4 m　　Section 3 Maritime Liens
, h9 C$ N" E6 E! }3 X( ?& N　　Article 21 A maritime lien is the right of the claimant， subject to the provisions of Article 22 of this Code， to take priority in compensation against ship owners， bare boat chatterers or ship operators with respect to the ship which gave rise to the said claim.
　　Article 22 The following maritime claims shall be entitled to maritime liens：
　　（1） Payment claims for wages， other remuneration， crew repatriation and social insurance costs made by the Master， crew members and other members of the complement in accordance with the relevant labour laws， administrative rules and regulations or labour contracts；
　　（2） Claims in respect of loss of life or personal injury occurred in the operation of the ship；
( X" T5 u9 t) |( d　　（3） Payment claims for ship's tonnage dues， pilot age dues， harbour dues and other port charges；
2 m  S$ L7 i9 p3 l　　（4） Payment claims for salvage payment；
' c9 [# L) N1 @: h/ x3 L* K1 G( `　　（5） Compensation claims for loss of or damage to property resulting from tortious act in the course of the operation of the ship.
  S3 Y% W. s+ n% P7 @　　Compensation claims for oil pollution damage caused by a ship carrying more than 2，000 tons of oil in bulk as cargo that has a valid certificate attesting that the ship has oil pollution liability insurance coverage or other appropriate financial security are not within the scope of sub-paragraph （5） of the preceding paragraph.
　　Article 23 The maritime claims set out in paragraph 1 of ~24. Article 22 shall be satisfied in the order listed. However， any of the maritime claims set out in sub-paragraph（4） arising later than those under sub-paragraph （1） through （3） shall have priority over those under sub-paragraph （1） through （3）。 In case there are more than two maritime claims under sub-paragraphs （1），（2），（3） or （5） of paragraph 1 of Article 22， they shall be satisfied at the same time regardless of their respective occurrences； where they could not be paid in full， they shall be paid in proportion. Should there be more than two maritime claims under subparagraph （4）， those arising later shall be satisfied first.
8 G4 ]' U4 Q0 y　　Article 24 The legal costs for enforcing the maritime liens， the expenses for preserving and selling the ship， the expenses for distribution of the proceeds of sale and other expenses incurred for the common interests of the claimants， shall be deducted and paid first from the proceeds of the auction sale of the ship.
  R% T- S" _2 O1 Q& r0 B　　Article 25 A maritime lien shall have priority over a possessory lien， and a possessory lien shall have priority over ship mortgage.
7 q* Y  p8 d2 e3 `% N- J+ s　　The possessory lien referred to in the preceding paragraph means the right of the ship builder or repairer to secure the building or repairing cost of the ship by means of detaining the ship in his possession when the other party to the contract fails in the performance thereof. The possessory lien shall be extinguished when the ship builder or repairer no longer possesses the ship he has built or repaired.
; [# b/ @4 w# y, v8 e+ V; p0 i4 W$ A　　Article 26 Maritime liens shall not be extinguished by virtue of the transfer of the ownership of the ship， except those that have not been enforced within 60 days of a public notice on the transfer of the ownership of the ship made by a court at the request of the transferee when the transfer was effected.
& ^! N6 j! z8 X3 `! i0 g　　Article 27 In case the maritime claims provided for in Article 22 of this Code are transferred， the maritime liens attached thereto shall be transferred accordingly.
　　Article 28 A maritime lien shall be enforced by the court by arresting the ship that gave rise to the said maritime lien.
# b! X* t) Y# u: t7 j* R　　Article 29 A maritime lien shall， except as provided for in Article 26 of this Code， be extinguished under one of the following circumstances：

会计考友

　　（1） The maritime claim attached by a maritime lien has not been enforced within one year of the existence of such maritime lien；
) G: W, X& f* l& ?% i: D# i. _4 L: f  S　　（2） The ship in question has been the subject of a forced sale by the court；
　　（3） The ship has been lost.
$ v4 K. [( R( u+ X. L　　The period of one year specified in sub-paragraph （1） of the preceding paragraph shall not be suspended or interrupted.
0 c9 |8 D% m  I7 l$ q% ^　　Article 30 The provisions of this Section shall not affect the implementation of the limitation of liability for maritime claims provided for in Chapter XI of this Code.</p>