当然,规定与罚则的写法有各种不同的安排。有前后分列的,如上例,有的甚至还专门列出一章,谓之曰 “ 奖励与处罚 ” 或 “ 法律责任 ” ;也有的则把规定与罚则写在同一条款当中,这样,倒也显得更加紧凑一些。下面是一个规定与罚则并列的例子。选自《天津市市容和环境卫生管理条例》。
: A; l6 _/ W" q 第三十一条 禁止下列影响环境卫生清洁的行为 :
6 g; t; K& Y$ _( s- W 〈一〉随地吐痰、吐口香糖、便溺 , 乱倒粪便 ;" C0 A! U6 o$ M) u* k& Z
〈二〉乱扔烟蒂、纸屑、瓜果皮核以及各类包装废弃物等 ;" W1 i) U) \7 }
〈三〉乱倒、乱堆渣土、污泥或者其他废弃物 , 向道路、河道、公共场地上抛撒杂物、废弃物 , 由建筑物或者车辆向外抛掷杂物、废弃物。
9 _; W8 H w9 h0 d) b4 Y% S g8 Z 违反前款第〈一〉项规定的 , 责令即时清除 , 并处五十元以上一百元以下罚款 ; 违反第〈二〉项规定的 , 责令即时清除 , 并处十元以上五十元以下罚款 ; 违反第 ( 三〉项规定的 , 责令限期清除 , 逾期不清除的 , 处五十元以上五百元以下罚款 , 其中单位违反此项规定的 , 处五百元以上五千元以下罚款。
- S0 c. X6 a% |# k Article 31 The following acts that affect environmental sanitation are prohibited:3 u2 W3 c4 \- r* }. p) O: W% {
(1) Spitting, throwing chewing gums, urinating and moving bowels at inappropriate places or dumping human wastes,( G- ~$ R+ P- x) k8 V# G
(2) Littering, throwing cigarette butts, the core and shell of fruits and melons, and all kinds of packages;" f* Y k' B# e! _5 z
(3) Dumping or piling construction waste, dirt or other waste, dumping odds and bits, throwaways or throwing odds and bits or waste from buildings or vehicles;7 T7 v' I) }1 }+ o' `! s( Q
Anyone that violates paragraph (1) of the preceding article shall be ordered to clean the litter immediately and shall be imposed a fine of not less than Renminbi 50 yuan but not more than Renminbi 100 yuan; Anyone that violates paragraph (2) of the preceding article shall be ordered to clean the litter immediately and shall be imposed a fine of not less than Renminbi 10 yuan but not more than Renminbi 50 yuan; Anyone that violates paragraph (3) of the preceding article shall be ordered to clean the litter within a definite time limit; anyone that fails to do the cleaning when the period of validity expires, the department concerned shall imposed on him a fine of not less than Renminbi 50 yuan but not more than Renminbi 100 yuan. Where the violator is a unit, it shall be imposed a fine of not less than RMB 500 yuan but not more than RMB 5,000 yuan" W6 Q/ ?/ j- x- a9 D
这儿也有几点值得注意的地方需要讲一讲。罚则中 “xx 至 xx 元 ” ,有人简单地翻译成 from xx to xx ,似乎显得不那么正式。我们用 not less than xx ---but not more than xx ,文字上就比较庄重,严肃。 Where 的用法也值得注意。表示 “ 如果 ” 的地方,法律文书不用 if ,而一般用 where 去翻译。除此以外,有些固定词组也值得记忆,比如: impose a fine of xx on somebody ; be ordered to do ; the period of validity expires ; fail to do 等等,这儿就不一一详细阐述了。其实, 在翻译法律文书之前,认真读一下有关法律条文的译文,记住一些关键的表达法,在自己翻译过程中会十分有用的。6 [, n8 r8 N3 q
以上我们简要地给大家介绍了法律文书的基本框架,即 “ 开场白 ” 、 “ 结束语 ” 以及 “ 规定与罚则 ” 。掌握了这三部分的基本翻译方法,可以说法律文书翻译就入了门,剩下的就是 “ 修行在个人 ” 了。只要在此基础上,不断实践,不断积累,不断学习,就一定能使自己的翻译水平日长月进,渐臻完美。 |