</p> 强制规定 mandatory provisions6 m8 B) I6 l* L: i/ C
强制性法规 mandatory rule of law( y1 h9 Y5 Z# Y- H8 R
强制性条款 mandatory term
# d: z u; G# Q# F: o 侵犯财产权 property torts
9 J% }9 Q' V4 `: p 侵权行为法 tort law0 R K" w: r" N) B. o3 ]
侵权责任 tortious liability
- @! a" o* b' h6 r: p 清理法规 check up laws and regulations
" U2 f G, @5 I2 K1 Y 区域性法律体系 regional system of laws
6 T7 t' G0 q7 l9 M 取证 obtain evidence
0 z1 A X; G9 u" y/ u+ q+ N, x 确权之诉 affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation4 u4 T5 H) K4 @" c7 a8 j
确认之诉 action for confirmation; actio confessoria
" { g* D ? w' q/ f6 z3 s 权威解释 authentic interpretation |- o" I0 ^8 f5 Y
人法 human law, statute personalia- k& K ^5 W6 e6 u4 B7 ^
人格减等 capitis deminutio) V ?! X" |0 f4 D" w
人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person5 I5 |4 U: w' r a) d
人身非财产关系 personal non-property relations% k9 n8 v) r$ I, b$ G4 R
人身关系 personal relation0 p2 r& d0 p2 V: q5 {! C
任意解释 arbitrary interpretation. y7 b9 e$ B( k& h3 z+ B
《日耳曼法》Germanic law @( ]' b% w6 }& z% Y
柔性宪法 flexible constitution% f5 F1 m" s$ S4 O1 e# a
三权分立 separation of powers
% G4 u3 h* o5 r& @# t 善意推定 presumption of good faith3 R6 z' H$ e$ G# ~+ R
商法 commercial law5 B: V3 i# [; z6 d0 W6 i: o
商法典 code of commerce0 O3 B0 O9 F# n$ N8 k3 a0 a
社会法学 sociological jurisprudence! V: {5 [ A& l0 E4 q! G1 N2 k3 ^6 f
社会关系 social relations4 @% y# F$ r. K7 q
社会规范 social regulation
6 F- k8 b4 ]) ?1 D 社会连带主义法学 social solidarism jurisprudence9 m# L8 A; n( @6 Y g1 z
社会契约论 theory of social contract
1 g1 _* p7 s" a; o! E 社会团体:social organization* }4 r3 r! d9 `5 S2 {8 W
社会主义法学 socialist jurisprudence* Y. |' V0 E# K# X
社会主义法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law
9 e! S' ^0 {1 X# `7 N! @. s- m 神法 divine law0 ]* l) P' P( D
神权说 theory of divine right
/ f- J3 f2 `9 a4 h9 Q" N( C 审查制度 censorship; inspection system
2 o. @$ Q6 a3 z* a# M 审计监督 supervise through auditing
& |) R2 N9 h3 ?) P, e 审计监督权 power to supervise through auditing) T9 ^ k+ G# D& O& ?
生效条款 operative clause
. R5 {: ~0 f& a( s- r 失效法律 expired laws& K+ v- Q" e( m3 D+ ?7 Z0 C
失效日 expiry date
8 ~( f$ v' N3 L" P( {5 y: W 施行细则 implementary provisions5 R3 U7 L+ L; ]8 G. q5 O
实证主义法学派 the positivist school' H4 g7 Z8 S$ Z: K5 }0 K
《十二表法》 Twelve Tables
+ E* n( K& z9 K7 s z: y 实体法 material law; substantial law
) S# u2 B6 l* h* d# R t 实体法上的抗辩 substantial defense
8 h) Y4 y/ G5 Q- n 实体权利 substantive right
* ^, G3 H. A& {; e/ l! c. X8 l* } 实用主义法学 judicial pragmaticism& C% ^# }/ m% w9 {! h
实在法 positive law
: h3 F2 @# R- Y0 P2 M" S) M% A: b 实在法学 positive jurisprudence
3 ^7 U9 f/ S1 s! z2 y5 h 实在法学派 positivist
: z' l+ G. l+ [" y& v 实在主义法学 positivist jurisprudence
4 v H# u8 U% w* y3 L* P/ I 实证法学 positive jurisprudence
/ h5 h* g, r$ S1 ^ 实质条款 material stipulation. P4 z# h+ p( {; s9 _' z* X
实质性的瑕疵 defect of substance! \9 o! B H2 |- n( Y- q
实质性解释 material interpretation
4 X+ ^' h. Z4 T, \! C 事实的推定 presumption of fact
* B9 ]) n1 [% w( s% ^. r: k/ }. Y 事业单位:institution
$ N( y+ |/ j) F3 d 适用法律 reference to the law; applicable law
- B' w) X5 k4 P 适用范围 area of application; sphere of application0 ]; K% q5 _. b* K( t2 }/ ]: {4 M
适用中国法律:be governed by the law of PRC (The law of PRC shall apply to). M* {7 ]* b# y$ V. b0 u
溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity
2 |; a* [& U7 k4 Z$ M 溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect( S2 i4 F" b# U; [& ^ g
损害赔偿 damages
# V3 p+ I- P0 j7 e9 ~) O+ I 梭伦 Solon# U7 w7 j) ]+ F# Q& z
弹性宪法 elastic constitution
0 {" s' i0 m# h5 v! ^/ a j 特别程序 special procedure% x, w, d2 @3 x0 b
特别但书 special proviso- R& Y& @7 B) [ y- G
特别法 special law7 B! a7 u% `, T( R9 E' q. z& ^ \
特殊主体 special subject' z3 e! m8 e. k y
提案motion; overture; proposal5 c4 n f8 S! L8 g) f8 }5 q
提出抗辩 raise a plea; raise a plead
: l9 w S7 F: ^5 P/ e9 q9 ` 条约法 law of treaties J* F! @4 @9 e% i+ ?) o
同态复仇 retaliation
; H( {! b* @6 @) H 推定合法presumption of legality
/ G3 j" v- A/ Z8 s, H& n 停止生效cease to have effect: o) V) s8 l3 k0 ~: U# n
外国法 foreign law0 f2 w0 O/ Q) R# C
外国法制史 foreign legal history9 E7 N6 ~/ ~* O9 R
外国人待遇 foreigner treatment1 y- Z3 c& B+ f0 F" x2 q% u
完全民事权利能力:full capacity for civil conduct
2 s$ `* b, L- i0 r) e: ^% u: Z 完全丧失行为能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal transaction& B+ X% F6 O% W# f" W) }. N
完全无行为能力 absolute disability4 O- J9 b! q: U
万民法 jus gentium
" R7 y: _# Y; j7 P) Q1 Z) B 违法构成要件 essential condition of delict# K: N$ U, [" ~3 c6 @: Z0 C
违宪 violation of constitution' S( N8 {$ {$ m& v4 U( ^4 X N
乌尔比安 Ulpianus
& t3 k0 Y$ ^9 p3 e$ J3 G- c 无国籍人:stateless persons
/ d# v/ C$ j ]# g7 [6 q) D 无条件解释 unconditional interpretation3 r- d: B* G0 k, R# Y$ u
无效的法律 void law0 o3 r1 ` H' ~- [8 N8 n% z* s
无效法律行为 void act; act without legal effect! o. P9 l1 c7 @6 C& ~* x7 x& y
物权 property2 D' p- o* I3 i/ L8 t+ V+ s
西塞罗 Marcus Tullius Cicero% J7 d1 B+ R- C4 }! S# S f
习惯法custom law# A( j/ m' B. c' `* _& ^/ y/ R
细则 detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws
7 E- O% E, H5 S& U2 C 狭义解释 narrow definition- {0 F# A# a! Q* t+ `* w: y, e( s
下文另有规定者除外 except as hereinafter provided. v; M0 w8 U- D
先决条件 precedent condition; prerequisite7 }, R; i: T& D4 e% S/ L% m
现实主义法学 realism jurisprudence
( @8 o6 H$ ]' | 现行法律 current law; existing law1 ]6 S' D/ s5 Z b. N
限制解释 restrictive interpretation
7 N- X: w Q* Z5 u2 F- f6 F 宪法的解释 interpretation of constitution+ x% I+ u9 k* c" ?
宪法修正案 constitution amendment8 u4 L1 u7 {1 b" Y, K
宪法学 constitutional jurisprudence
# ?* } \* o& a; i2 M2 c 相对主义法学 relativist jurisprudence
! L5 q5 o3 r5 j' A7 n( w8 T6 Y" T _ 新分析法学 new analytical jurisprudence* h# N' D% ]0 P1 R
新律 New Law , Novellae1 `7 T% y; V6 P
行为规范 code of conduct
$ {1 p" v) l; s+ x 学说编纂 the Pandekta
; v) B( V4 L! d9 u" F; l0 y4 U 形式主义法学 formalist jurisprudence
6 u- v; `$ Q" S! T+ `' `+ ], Q3 d 亚里士多德 Aristotle7 D/ G0 h8 B* G1 X
严格解释 strict interpretation
# R1 v0 p2 q: I- g4 ? 严重不法行为 aggravated misconduct; gross misbehavior
) j) ~4 g- \" Z6 d; m 严重违法 break the law on a serious scale
2 P. E) }( o; X! i5 H 要件 important condition; essential condition
1 ^/ B1 l# v6 Q! ~0 \6 [" \9 P 一般客体 general object5 N7 T! N- R5 @, M3 p0 i q
一般权利能力 general legal capacity
- V* J6 g+ ^. `7 I3 _* U2 n. m0 Z 一般主体 general subject; H8 b7 x2 E& x- K" m( l1 i& v
一事不再理的保证 guarantee against double jeorpardy
; E9 Z6 F) M6 S% V4 Q8 h4 ]* s k' i 依法办案 handle cases according to law
% ^9 `) P- R& d. [& f+ {6 i 依法独立行使职权 independent exercise of powers within the framework of the law+ T) c, p$ {. u1 n; {( ]
依照法律的规定 as prescribed by law9 i9 H) n& O) M: ~
以法律为准绳 take law as the criterion
2 g$ y* o F4 _2 J; t2 T 依法治国 genuine rule of law; running the country according to law9 h% a- t8 M; p9 }9 L2 f. `
义务性规范 obligatory rule. M& L& L1 w, S& A- g# Y
义务主体 subject of duty( b9 a6 V8 T3 d" d
英美法系 Anglo-American Legal System
* Z! S& U% V" o5 ]8 V 永恒法 eternal law% Y. a; m8 N/ h; z, T+ R; m) \+ E
优士丁尼法典 the Codex Justinianus4 u7 f( t8 A! J0 y" @9 {" ^) ?
优士丁尼皇帝 Justinian
' c) j6 ]( i' b 《优士丁尼民法大全》(《国法大全》)Corpus Juris Civilis* U( U9 R3 B( n( h$ C, r& {4 @
有法必依 ensure that laws are observed- N, k; Y4 W9 { f' b- I4 |
有法律约束力 legally binding
; F* C0 u( h' G1 [/ V/ a+ d# F 有条件解释 conditional interpretation
i0 c: u$ G9 m( E* q | 有效期间 time of effect; term of validity; H& o9 g% n5 T; h! h- N
与法律规定不符 against the forms of the statute* h5 ]9 R$ Q: k2 a$ l, K x7 j
与法律相抵触的行为act going against the law
2 x2 j$ n7 ^; H0 J V% q3 C 域外效力 extraterritorial effect& M6 j" D+ _/ N# R
援引法律条文 invoke a legal provision. a$ u+ A% m3 H% S# ]) \2 A7 ?" h
(古罗马的)元老院 the Senate
. A/ h9 p5 n' D 约束力 binding; binding effect
" J7 v7 h1 Z/ ~- s 在法律的范围内 within the law
+ W& d2 T' n A: I' _2 z7 G 暂行条例interim regulations; provisional regulation9 }. ~4 d, j$ \) J5 m( n' S. b" Q
整体法学 integrative jurisprudence3 \8 w! U8 V k. ?$ F
正当权益 justified rights; legitimate interests4 M% n+ G0 G7 T( {" [
正式解释 official interpretation
! _# N+ G4 c9 z" l* A( O( B" |/ V% u 正式渊源 formal source
" U- [; t; m2 K( c4 Y 政法学院 institute of political science and law
4 c. M; s2 R! }7 U- T6 D 知法犯法 deliberately break the law6 _* A- ~3 |- k& y& O, Q6 h
执法必严 ensure that law's enforcement be strict; L$ L: i+ A$ i/ Y
执法人员 law enforcement officials; h& [) X, _- V3 l6 u$ u6 Y9 n9 X2 V
执行权 enforcement power
# k, N' C, V6 {3 H 直接故意 actual intent; direct intent. d! ^( a4 ?, s- Z- u8 \5 x4 X
直接后果 immediate consequence
6 Z% O/ B1 V' z4 o. u: j 直接客体 direct object# r- I$ g/ Q9 c& a. k) L
直接主体 direct subject9 i' U H% V& s: B5 P7 T
制定法 statute$ c/ I* I7 v$ B, A; n8 s
制宪权constituent power
( p, \3 _2 ]3 j) w: d 治外法权 extraterritoriality; extraterritorial jurisdiction
1 R) g1 d8 w' t' q& \# a 中端时效 interrupt the running of the statute of limitation
3 h' x/ {* [" ?1 e9 y" |' V 中国大陆的法律 law of China's mainland9 x" g2 [3 T0 C7 h
中国法制 Chinese legal system
' ~) r& x& _ r3 E, |' @ 中国法制史 Chinese legal history
/ c6 X. d0 }% ]& Q" X 中国特色的社会主义法制 socialist legal system with Chinese character& E9 Y! {) r- m
中华法系 Chinese legal system! Y3 B! s3 d; C( M+ R2 n
《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》the Basic law of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China2 p+ _4 [, |3 E& h# F5 J
主要法律体系principal legal system
$ U; f, D- T' F: ?# C/ ^! h- x 自然法 natural law2 c2 {0 _7 q# S/ n. q
自然法学派 natural law school7 P) F, @' h+ B5 P6 m2 n2 a% N$ g! {
组成合议庭开庭审理:form a collegial panel to conduct the trial, i4 ?$ r1 c9 X: O
最高国家权力机关 highest organ of state power+ \+ }% q& b7 S0 {+ ^0 h8 S5 c2 g
最高人民法院的解释 interpretation of supreme people's court
( c8 E( [! b; r* t8 j+ e2 w0 O# y4 ~ 遵循先例原则 The Doctrine of Stare, h: n8 E* s ]' P
作为或不作为 act or omission |