</p> 强制规定 mandatory provisions2 B: W2 }; i- f" e H! z9 ^
强制性法规 mandatory rule of law
" |; l b: y2 @( c. `/ w1 V c) E 强制性条款 mandatory term
/ p9 J2 k+ c1 @$ b0 Q0 u 侵犯财产权 property torts
% I G6 Y+ \: ?) U/ K k R 侵权行为法 tort law2 H# a( S5 S( I/ ^8 g1 J: H
侵权责任 tortious liability- L4 ?0 H3 E& I& r
清理法规 check up laws and regulations
! p/ ]; W8 I$ ~+ P 区域性法律体系 regional system of laws
. t. m# j4 c I R- @1 U; n; y6 s 取证 obtain evidence2 n2 U) a. f# I; a# O
确权之诉 affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation
2 t" B# F6 d' f9 o 确认之诉 action for confirmation; actio confessoria9 g* {/ D) L/ @! H1 a' y& q. g: u
权威解释 authentic interpretation$ q1 `8 T& }+ U8 |: |+ i) p
人法 human law, statute personalia
2 E9 W% j' o* O* m& r% ? 人格减等 capitis deminutio- O2 Z W" J3 V: U8 G" |* L: P
人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person
# w0 \% c- ~ y9 c# [# u; R 人身非财产关系 personal non-property relations
3 k- p3 C# E9 N+ \+ t' W: D6 b 人身关系 personal relation
, \3 { Q5 P& p4 W; j9 @3 N4 ^8 N 任意解释 arbitrary interpretation
) S) K+ Q7 _$ x0 s4 A$ L+ W 《日耳曼法》Germanic law
/ }, ^/ G& A; x0 n5 U: h$ }, }) o 柔性宪法 flexible constitution
; \& w Z9 N$ y3 O; J" { 三权分立 separation of powers
5 O+ }3 ]3 G7 M 善意推定 presumption of good faith3 _/ e* `3 k2 n. S
商法 commercial law; w! a: Y0 L2 t
商法典 code of commerce
4 \/ H3 ]0 h! W; o4 k! x: @ 社会法学 sociological jurisprudence; G9 l$ w9 s' o
社会关系 social relations
, U& Z$ P% s3 D/ I1 v 社会规范 social regulation
9 w3 U& }1 h9 b: _0 R& B 社会连带主义法学 social solidarism jurisprudence
' q- s' e1 E' q5 h 社会契约论 theory of social contract7 C6 g% b* w5 f# Y8 Q5 |% y6 M5 F
社会团体:social organization. Q7 M9 Q9 E: h" w) [
社会主义法学 socialist jurisprudence+ S2 P9 |+ f7 W: [5 u7 C. `
社会主义法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law
. p5 S! Y, X" N; Q0 ~# J6 v+ V 神法 divine law
2 O( F; H& Z3 _. C$ w2 f 神权说 theory of divine right
; h* V; y3 {7 X 审查制度 censorship; inspection system) K: k& x: H6 A6 j1 w% d) x" e9 a
审计监督 supervise through auditing
/ A6 H3 b2 g% s" ]% T& f1 t. N8 D 审计监督权 power to supervise through auditing9 A6 c* a" x1 r, g4 a& a
生效条款 operative clause, A4 x$ b) V3 {" i" W0 W& c
失效法律 expired laws' o* V1 _; l% ^4 Z9 R& u: C6 t
失效日 expiry date, \# u" z# y1 d9 t) M$ C* u& o
施行细则 implementary provisions
c8 q3 b/ d+ p, J7 r, h& S& Z 实证主义法学派 the positivist school$ W- ^" }) H! k. C8 p0 x
《十二表法》 Twelve Tables1 i. P* j) Y' K; R
实体法 material law; substantial law7 b F' J+ D, f$ p/ F0 e' E9 d( j
实体法上的抗辩 substantial defense/ A$ A3 p! b/ k# X$ |( T
实体权利 substantive right8 l/ X( p9 m8 D$ p0 m
实用主义法学 judicial pragmaticism
% B, [; E1 u$ B% u6 N3 |; L3 H 实在法 positive law/ w8 C, d. b( O. A: l7 X
实在法学 positive jurisprudence6 U; ]; Q3 A( p" {5 g
实在法学派 positivist
1 A& L# B6 G; m4 U( m 实在主义法学 positivist jurisprudence
0 X( f/ j6 I& A" g$ e' Z 实证法学 positive jurisprudence2 y5 Q+ x2 z( t
实质条款 material stipulation* ~- y% } l0 P; y, f# I; H
实质性的瑕疵 defect of substance
& o/ ^' m4 g1 U' E" c 实质性解释 material interpretation/ T1 Z# {3 [1 `% e( V& f2 x& r" |
事实的推定 presumption of fact
! {4 K; K2 ]- Q/ b( r( m7 H& c 事业单位:institution. \ `. X6 ~- h G* h
适用法律 reference to the law; applicable law; `" a6 i, v) M- f7 `! D3 V6 i# W M$ a
适用范围 area of application; sphere of application
/ {* k1 ~ {) x# H 适用中国法律:be governed by the law of PRC (The law of PRC shall apply to)
" ~' c" i8 I5 Z C$ J 溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity4 n! x" g+ X6 r9 V5 S1 N8 y: l1 R" X
溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect+ j' j; A5 C) t
损害赔偿 damages
& a4 G% K) x- Y0 b/ ^ 梭伦 Solon9 I3 R1 d& }$ p- K8 |* \* ^6 n
弹性宪法 elastic constitution
5 ~) R7 q0 w2 C" A" l$ {( a- [! x* w8 S 特别程序 special procedure7 F9 V5 g! A9 V N4 w' X* F9 C
特别但书 special proviso' ^7 z" J6 Y$ C4 {3 {
特别法 special law U# [2 G! p6 }7 ~& r8 H
特殊主体 special subject0 ^ b( S. t1 K
提案motion; overture; proposal) E/ B( v9 l4 H1 A- j$ e
提出抗辩 raise a plea; raise a plead) p/ b1 k7 ~3 M1 K2 t
条约法 law of treaties
6 c6 T+ o7 _' b+ g7 b* e- f 同态复仇 retaliation! R* O* x9 G3 A! c+ i/ z6 S5 w/ k3 N
推定合法presumption of legality" A9 \ G0 c2 F6 }$ n" e8 F5 s1 q
停止生效cease to have effect
4 d( Z- X- n( d) z, [ 外国法 foreign law, X p/ X& ]2 J7 a* f" E2 F
外国法制史 foreign legal history
+ k& P* Y7 L* ?: }4 e5 Q 外国人待遇 foreigner treatment
9 L/ m! u6 a5 T8 @* Y 完全民事权利能力:full capacity for civil conduct8 b: r* |+ \4 W
完全丧失行为能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal transaction
; B( x# m0 H: a! X3 B# l 完全无行为能力 absolute disability* T C8 C4 c: m& s
万民法 jus gentium: A8 N" \7 S* l0 E, ^! m
违法构成要件 essential condition of delict/ s, Y$ ^. m1 e& c
违宪 violation of constitution
& g! }: H. e3 g" G+ r 乌尔比安 Ulpianus. W8 X1 _( I1 G0 t
无国籍人:stateless persons
; M" T6 x. l! K+ r5 m F 无条件解释 unconditional interpretation$ }3 G2 x2 {* @ D
无效的法律 void law+ ?! o, g* D1 t1 ]
无效法律行为 void act; act without legal effect
. `5 }; C6 C0 F" r" @$ O1 D" ^ 物权 property0 Y1 V9 a% Q) w0 X' a2 P; c7 F: k
西塞罗 Marcus Tullius Cicero
9 ]$ g8 `+ T7 G4 X# {& B% C 习惯法custom law
% C1 I* n# v d4 Z 细则 detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws; ]3 W: `1 _5 ?$ o$ |1 |
狭义解释 narrow definition# W ]: P C2 H; q6 s( t9 x( o7 _# S
下文另有规定者除外 except as hereinafter provided; p% C: |8 Y3 C6 y" a; @0 r
先决条件 precedent condition; prerequisite
# |* O+ _& l3 i( N- ^) T" {6 c 现实主义法学 realism jurisprudence
( c! x0 A1 f" g' W1 \2 W 现行法律 current law; existing law$ D( i3 o x4 z# q
限制解释 restrictive interpretation" V6 `3 F$ g7 r9 d p# |/ y' w
宪法的解释 interpretation of constitution
% f7 _4 L7 [8 U 宪法修正案 constitution amendment
' D! I$ A+ [5 J) P 宪法学 constitutional jurisprudence
% o1 W ]' d) R r0 B; F' A 相对主义法学 relativist jurisprudence
X% [: E& K: x2 { 新分析法学 new analytical jurisprudence( R8 A; h2 J& ^0 M" ^5 }. H
新律 New Law , Novellae
9 w! H- l) h* Y! k9 l 行为规范 code of conduct
; Q' N; _, K3 [; R 学说编纂 the Pandekta
5 U% I* q. R& ] 形式主义法学 formalist jurisprudence
( B7 [: t7 o7 b; v. l* X 亚里士多德 Aristotle
6 I8 L, Q9 C0 H. z, i, e+ |" P( | 严格解释 strict interpretation
& `7 h/ m, h' @: w 严重不法行为 aggravated misconduct; gross misbehavior
8 q9 x& v$ j/ f( T- w 严重违法 break the law on a serious scale
0 _) g/ g/ W9 P6 r 要件 important condition; essential condition
9 w! Q; w3 C1 m+ Q 一般客体 general object
9 ?7 N+ R2 z2 X( E5 k+ P 一般权利能力 general legal capacity
1 C3 t! G1 c8 h% P9 x 一般主体 general subject
" T) ]; X! ]. N! h 一事不再理的保证 guarantee against double jeorpardy
- t! T; P2 B1 q! T; A M" z 依法办案 handle cases according to law2 z$ b1 e$ v$ ]% k( k
依法独立行使职权 independent exercise of powers within the framework of the law/ s) l' `% ]. i" i
依照法律的规定 as prescribed by law' _6 h0 f, k/ g9 t+ A+ k- E
以法律为准绳 take law as the criterion! E. x/ H4 L! x5 _
依法治国 genuine rule of law; running the country according to law
/ d% ]) n) y' u9 P 义务性规范 obligatory rule, e2 z' x5 _" G# q% R A( y2 D
义务主体 subject of duty
* }% J" e' I7 r8 C0 ? 英美法系 Anglo-American Legal System
9 `( }# M0 d% |3 i2 M9 z 永恒法 eternal law
' m* n8 j( w3 E/ ^% U6 D: x 优士丁尼法典 the Codex Justinianus# O- w; ^' ~& e8 M
优士丁尼皇帝 Justinian
' n. {" W/ ]/ S3 w2 g6 S 《优士丁尼民法大全》(《国法大全》)Corpus Juris Civilis
3 ]6 A6 Q3 H& |3 T; X r/ h 有法必依 ensure that laws are observed# ^7 r4 X+ d4 i- T0 {" [
有法律约束力 legally binding
* }! |1 N/ f+ ~- i" T 有条件解释 conditional interpretation
' P5 o5 k5 G0 X2 W W8 Z& v 有效期间 time of effect; term of validity
# Z' u2 d% A. F 与法律规定不符 against the forms of the statute# ^* R4 z* h) B/ y! m
与法律相抵触的行为act going against the law
- ^/ @/ Y) w& j; T+ o" w7 T 域外效力 extraterritorial effect
1 L! N4 J6 j4 J 援引法律条文 invoke a legal provision
" d+ {, t" C9 i$ a1 {$ O (古罗马的)元老院 the Senate2 A& s+ ^: f6 X* C' V S
约束力 binding; binding effect+ S6 H3 |2 t) x0 @( _; L C
在法律的范围内 within the law
f, ~ C1 u( r# R: |5 |* ~% n 暂行条例interim regulations; provisional regulation
; h# G& K% I* A# }3 z) L 整体法学 integrative jurisprudence
7 e! Y- G: l0 }3 I 正当权益 justified rights; legitimate interests& g6 k7 r& \2 U1 O% }
正式解释 official interpretation% e% i# E( u( j/ S4 j1 ?7 B# Z
正式渊源 formal source. u: O" E3 R$ s
政法学院 institute of political science and law
s1 O+ f5 j7 v* H( j) ~5 K; N 知法犯法 deliberately break the law
1 |/ Q; S9 Y+ G/ p9 H 执法必严 ensure that law's enforcement be strict$ X5 D Z* a: }6 t( J
执法人员 law enforcement officials1 g* N1 S/ w F- C" P# Z
执行权 enforcement power5 C9 r* A1 {% O& a$ p9 H8 Z' n
直接故意 actual intent; direct intent9 ^0 x0 p6 G' ]; N, O: k
直接后果 immediate consequence8 `7 L0 }% I$ ]% {. C5 u( p
直接客体 direct object
$ y3 m9 f$ u6 k/ U3 a: Z. s 直接主体 direct subject/ T. I f; I$ R. P. G T; V( W
制定法 statute
- O+ r+ Y2 _7 }2 s3 M% R; |8 K' Y' p 制宪权constituent power' J; `* ^' N* J# Z$ X& ?
治外法权 extraterritoriality; extraterritorial jurisdiction
. u# I3 J( J) _- ?' w4 T/ K 中端时效 interrupt the running of the statute of limitation+ k# t X Y3 R L
中国大陆的法律 law of China's mainland! p8 V/ ?( m7 K+ K1 d
中国法制 Chinese legal system
$ M* b- ?7 x8 @7 [ u& J6 A 中国法制史 Chinese legal history
* L; w1 J0 K+ b8 O a9 G, S1 F 中国特色的社会主义法制 socialist legal system with Chinese character
3 _) G; H; S; `- _. i% n3 O 中华法系 Chinese legal system, W5 U5 j! i% e# D# X. o( C
《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》the Basic law of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
1 @4 P# ~5 w# @$ t; V, ]. y* f5 _ 主要法律体系principal legal system
- P; W' H9 O. T* ]' e, ? 自然法 natural law1 Q1 ~5 z% A! i' u6 p/ {( N) C. H
自然法学派 natural law school
M+ H4 e& u; r9 D$ u4 ?# s 组成合议庭开庭审理:form a collegial panel to conduct the trial
% [. V/ ^4 h0 Q+ D/ N' J- H 最高国家权力机关 highest organ of state power$ O. r% g' Y2 {1 u; `8 _: w4 J
最高人民法院的解释 interpretation of supreme people's court9 |1 q# N/ q1 G4 f( b9 R+ [
遵循先例原则 The Doctrine of Stare
7 Z3 [* l9 p$ k( O5 k4 n$ f" s 作为或不作为 act or omission |