WhatIsaCentralBank什么是中央银行（注解）2

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　　Notes
　　1.Every country with an established banking system has a central bank, which acts as banker to the Government in the widest sense. 每个有完整金融体系的国家都有中央银行，广义而言，中央银行是政府的银行。
　　(1)介词短语with an established banking system在句中做后置定语，修饰前面的country。
3 X6 {, L3 o2 _! O　　(2) which acts as…是非限制性定语从句，对其先行词a central bank作补充说明。
3 ~  `. s$ ?# U( U6 n3 B　　(3)banker to the Government政府的银行
% A+ t, z! F3 K2 d5 F　　(4)in the widest sense广义而言
　　sense n.意思，意义
+ z) g& K$ b* j, [8 I% h0 P　　例：in a sense
　　在某一方面；就某种意义来说
& ?) r' X3 a$ o6 d* \4 i7 q　　2.It liaises with and advises the Government on monetary policy and ensures that the necessary steps are taken to carry it through. 中央银行就货币政策和政府保持联系，充当政府的顾问，并采取必要措施，以保证货币政策的贯彻实施。
* d; C  `6 f& W! C3 e( l% S　　(1)liaise（with）vi.与…建立联络关系；与…取得联系
+ j8 x! \6 ^# z* n% \　　(2)monetary policy货币政策
& f" b+ J1 |2 S/ x: h　　monetary adj.①of or relating to money金钱的：金钱的或与之有关的
　　②of or relating to a nation's currency or coinage.See Synonyms at financial
　　货币的，硬币的：国家货币或硬币的或与之有关的
　　例：The monetary system of certain countries used to be based on gold.
& f7 u% {$ q7 Q" Y# [1 ~　　某些国家的货币制度过去一直是金本位的。
　　(3)ensure vt.to make sure or certain; insure:
+ c6 ^7 w0 z: b. q6 T　　使确信或肯定；保证
　　例：Our precautions ensured our safety.
　　我们的预防措施保证了我们的安全
　　(ensure)that…引导宾语从句。
2 B1 V' }% y; `) w  E2 R　　(4)step n.one of a series of actions, processes, or measures taken to achieve a goal.步骤：一系列为达到某一目的的行动、过程或措施中的一环
! e) n; ?" y! p, i) ]8 ]　　to take steps采取步骤；采取措施
　　3.Central banks differ from commercial banks in many respects.中央银行与商业部银行在许多方面存在着差别。
, A8 ]( k4 E% S4 W! n6 r, c# Q　　(1)differ vi.（常与with连用）不同意；意见相左
　　例：They differ with each other as to the precise meaning of this article in the contract.
　　对于合同中这一条款的确切释义他们的看法互不一致。
　　(2)respect n.a particular aspect, feature, or detail:某方面：某个方面、某种特征或细节
　　例：In many respects this is an important decision.
' D7 Q# c7 y9 e3 {- ~/ R( o　　这在许多方面都是一项重要的决定
; o" m# F  a2 W+ L9 c/ m0 u　　4.They(Central banks) do not aim to maximize profits, which is traditionally an objective of a commercial bank owned by shareholders (central banks are normally nationalized institutions). 中央银行的宗旨不是利润最大化，利润最大化历来是股份制商业银行的目标（中央银行一般是国家机关）。
　　(1)aim vi.①to determine a course决定；旨在：决定一个过程：
8 _/ ~: b9 |: [6 X  z! K　　例：aim for a better education.
　　力求良好的教育
/ d. t* e1 t& w8 G2 u( Q0 ?　　②to propose to do something; intend打算；企图
　　(2)an objective of a commercial bank商业银行的经营目标
+ A' e, z) Y# U9 P& l& e　　(3) maximize vt.to increase or make as great as possible:最大化：使增加（扩大）到最大限度
　　(4)profit n.①an advantageous gain or return; benefit.得益：得利或回报；收益
　　②the return received on a business undertaking after all operating expenses have been met.利润：一笔生意中除去所有的运作费用后所得的回报
6 U# ]5 i. K" g6 O" Z7 X　　(5)(that is)owned by shareholders是后置定语，相当于一个定语从句，省略了that is。
6 X0 Z  x5 k4 g/ [, f　　5.They(Central banks) do not provide a full banking service for personal and commercial customers. 中央银行对个人及商业客户不提供全面的金融服务。
　　(1)full banking service全面的金融业务
# b! p6 y1 ^+ R; e/ R0 @　　full adj.complete in every particular:完全的，完整的
7 L* N) c# a* m8 U0 C4 j  K　　service n.work done for others as an occupation or a business:服务：作为职业或事业为他人服务
( m, [1 w" S& k! {) C: _　　例：provide full catering service.
' ?* |9 _* |9 S2 Z0 V  r　　提供满意的服务