Overview of the Banking Industry in China. {- A! W# x: j$ f. `
I.The Role of the Banking Sector in China
! W d K: h$ X8 l- E8 a0 S0 A# x Paragragh 5 (P1)
7 C1 d+ b. t; ^1 X, y 1.Fourth, the banking sector provides the indispensable national payments mechanism for the development of modern financial and business systems.
# T k4 Y' A6 E 第四,银行部门为现代财政和企业体制的发展提供必要的国家支付体系。
# p F. _9 G! `9 R (1)the indispensable national payment mechanism:必要的国家支付体系 H0 v1 b& R* L& W3 H# r; w
indispensable:a.不可缺少的;绝对必要的
/ u5 Q# H9 _9 K- Y- Q mechanism: n.way in which sth works or is constructed:机制;结构7 j0 ?+ q# T7 L
例:competitive mechanism:竞争机制$ p6 ? P/ i1 k& S. I/ q
exchange rate mechanism:汇率机制! L, S* |( T: m1 V* p0 T7 Q0 d" D* r
market mechanism:市场机制; U8 t1 F0 a( H! X0 j7 k
price mechanism:价格机制, }( L( E' Z- X
mechanism of exchange:交易机构
2 y* Y8 G) _% X0 n0 U# M, ?# X7 V8 B mechanism of government:政府机构
9 p7 o( L& @: U& s (2)modern financial and business systems:现代财务制度和工商企业体系 Paragragh 6
4 }4 K3 a% ]; l* u 2.Fifth, the banking system as a whole reduces risks through aggregation and enables them to be carried by those more willing to bear them./ ^0 H5 C& Q+ d% M, h
整个银行体系采用集中风险的手段来降低风险,使那些更原意承担风险的人去承担风险。
3 j1 K/ k' \. T [9 G$ g (1)aggregation: n.聚集;汇集(风险)0 f, h" F6 R+ b: ^ _
aggregate: v.bring or come together in a mass聚集;汇聚' o0 x# V/ k; r" @+ p4 K, D
them:此处指“风险”" n9 o& r" Q9 v9 a$ O
carry them (risks):负担(具有)风险: Z& r# |/ O4 a2 C7 J1 B" a: l
carry: v. involve;entail:具有;使负担6 V P$ Y$ X; q% Y: s7 d$ p _
例:The loan carries 3.5% interest.该贷款负担百分之三点五的利息。
' j) a- _/ C, ]) ~0 e (2)(those persons) (who are) more willing to bear them:更原意承担风险的(那些人)
) C0 K, f6 }: C9 r7 C 由(who are) willing to bear them定语从句(简化为分词短语)修饰前面的those (persons)。; Y( s7 ~. S& X; H
bear: v.endure承担;忍受
7 E4 {# ]' @8 x# B4 | r# L Paragragh 7
/ E/ `1 q( x) f" B) z 3.Following five decades of evolution, particularly more than two decades of reform and opening to the outside world, China's banking sector has entered a stage of vigorous development.% Q0 T( N. f! C" ^" m$ b7 P
中国银行业经过50年的发展,特别是经过20多年的改革开放,已经进入了一个蓬勃发展的阶段。
. t) k: q; ?" e" Z. ]5 d (1)decade: n.period of ten years:十年的期间
9 L+ M' L+ _/ W& N (2)evolution: n.process of opening out or developing:发育;发展4 g3 _8 Y7 v1 f+ Z
(3)reform and opening to the outside world:改革开放 ?" p# l8 J0 I+ z+ S
4、The past few years have seen marked acceleration of China's banking reform, particularly significant strengthening of the central bank’s capacity for supervision and microeconomic management.
% a0 |' e1 Q- ] 在过去的几年中,中国银行业的改革速度显著加快,特别是强化了中央银行的监管职能和对宏观经济的管理职能。* {" x* U6 P% S8 [7 M
(1)strenghen: v.make or become strong(er)加强;强化% ?3 t7 J+ c. \6 r9 g- n
(2)capacity: n.ability能力;职能+ @. H* d/ q/ b" Q1 ~( Y
(3)supervision: n.监督;管理. M9 ?# Q; i% b' W+ g
supervise: v.watch and direct监督;管理;指导4 s4 K& W- k' R1 _* L2 v7 Y
(4)microeconomic management:宏观经济管理: |( V4 K5 x4 G
(5)openness: n.open+ness
! ?( U( X: w4 l4 g+ E/ C Paragragh 8
+ a# u) A; b7 R0 w& g& X 5. The evolution of the Chinese banking system can be broadly divided into three phases.% `- O O( v' S" i9 l8 h6 e
现代中国银行业体制的发展演变大体上分为三个阶段。
{/ b/ ?) m; `3 |7 r- _, S( i (1)phase: n.stage of development:阶段;时期1 A; e7 w" w" A0 x7 A1 _
6.The establishment of the People's Bank of China (PBC) in December 1984 marked the beginning of the first phase, which was characterized by a mono-bank engaged in both policy and commercial banking operations.! I. g! j, w+ `! t* I
这个阶段以中国人民银行由既从事政策性银行业务,又从事商业性银行业务的单一银行(制度)为特征。$ {5 }$ y- v; E6 L" k7 r, U: E
本句为由which引导的非限制性定语从句,对主句作补充说明。
* u5 ^0 g/ }. `; j, R (1)be characterized by …:以……为特征0 G* S8 X, f9 J, ^) }1 c
(2)mono-bank (system):单一银行(制度)
$ E: v* X+ k$ p) v mono-:(字首)表示“单一”之意。$ j& R8 j6 Z0 _" D2 O+ d! ?
(3)由engaged in …过去分词短语修饰前面的a mono-bank (system)。
4 U1 a0 x1 F/ f0 \9 w0 ` 6.It is dictated by highly centralized planned economic system.
* t5 ~, W1 F3 H 这种体制是由高度集中的计划经济体制决定的。
/ T5 Q& ~! m. O, g }9 ?8 V (1)highly centralized planned economic system:高度集中的计划经济体制! ]! G' s) f& t- H9 P4 |9 o0 Y* y6 P
(2)dictate: v.口授命令;支配 |