Overview of the Banking Industry in China2 H7 z' H* f; S
I.The Role of the Banking Sector in China; B3 r: Q o C4 e5 Q; G* F& h
Paragragh 5 (P1)$ i6 R# R# H' m, n% a
1.Fourth, the banking sector provides the indispensable national payments mechanism for the development of modern financial and business systems." g, L( ?% t, o$ K& Z$ {( w2 j
第四,银行部门为现代财政和企业体制的发展提供必要的国家支付体系。
/ g0 {" w! @- I& x" R3 l% @. T1 l; x+ r9 M (1)the indispensable national payment mechanism:必要的国家支付体系
& q% \2 H2 j5 d/ a- _- T6 f' Q: H- p/ d indispensable:a.不可缺少的;绝对必要的
& w z4 p7 J. u9 e mechanism: n.way in which sth works or is constructed:机制;结构' I6 f" @" Z. T. i
例:competitive mechanism:竞争机制
3 u, z7 A$ B x0 j) f% x. ] exchange rate mechanism:汇率机制
) T" |1 U0 a6 t# ~1 ]: ? market mechanism:市场机制. P) U. q/ U5 f8 A
price mechanism:价格机制; X8 C; _6 R1 \- W6 H- I) ]2 U
mechanism of exchange:交易机构
( n' y" } B4 M8 E mechanism of government:政府机构8 i6 O1 E7 m4 M/ U }* e0 j
(2)modern financial and business systems:现代财务制度和工商企业体系 Paragragh 6
& V" U5 L9 ^; n) q) m 2.Fifth, the banking system as a whole reduces risks through aggregation and enables them to be carried by those more willing to bear them.
* K3 ?) ], ]9 x+ b 整个银行体系采用集中风险的手段来降低风险,使那些更原意承担风险的人去承担风险。
2 A8 o) ]( v. i$ ?1 V$ b) D (1)aggregation: n.聚集;汇集(风险). M- p% ]% z2 t( c* Y. ~+ {) u
aggregate: v.bring or come together in a mass聚集;汇聚 P( ]' i# [# V
them:此处指“风险”6 P. |7 e$ e+ w3 ]: f4 W5 q
carry them (risks):负担(具有)风险
' I1 V+ G- Q: g# L# N carry: v. involve;entail:具有;使负担
o; I& j: C1 f 例:The loan carries 3.5% interest.该贷款负担百分之三点五的利息。9 o3 s) K6 R3 e4 f
(2)(those persons) (who are) more willing to bear them:更原意承担风险的(那些人)
6 S& T# W7 S i! L, R: x1 D 由(who are) willing to bear them定语从句(简化为分词短语)修饰前面的those (persons)。
$ \+ }. \* x! X/ m; T bear: v.endure承担;忍受8 a1 z7 k& o; G7 }
Paragragh 7
$ |0 y$ M5 M6 N 3.Following five decades of evolution, particularly more than two decades of reform and opening to the outside world, China's banking sector has entered a stage of vigorous development.2 d( P6 c/ K% b5 I G+ B' |" d: b& v
中国银行业经过50年的发展,特别是经过20多年的改革开放,已经进入了一个蓬勃发展的阶段。7 ?" U" b& d9 c6 f: K5 f
(1)decade: n.period of ten years:十年的期间
- `+ f+ G! m. R3 j' ~+ a# W0 I/ C3 ^* | (2)evolution: n.process of opening out or developing:发育;发展/ T5 j) N6 C2 t+ ^) ~
(3)reform and opening to the outside world:改革开放
# R3 f1 T# ^- I, A E; `0 M) z 4、The past few years have seen marked acceleration of China's banking reform, particularly significant strengthening of the central bank’s capacity for supervision and microeconomic management.
3 D6 K5 I! \% s+ {! [( ~ 在过去的几年中,中国银行业的改革速度显著加快,特别是强化了中央银行的监管职能和对宏观经济的管理职能。
' w3 T% V3 `# ~& |1 B7 a5 M (1)strenghen: v.make or become strong(er)加强;强化2 P+ I8 @/ x" l; M" t* N
(2)capacity: n.ability能力;职能9 {# V! n& w: n# C
(3)supervision: n.监督;管理5 X( p, c! }. D
supervise: v.watch and direct监督;管理;指导1 c7 L0 Q2 Z) j# k- b6 J
(4)microeconomic management:宏观经济管理- b& O4 j! d, ^8 {! D
(5)openness: n.open+ness; t% ] \8 J5 p3 a# c
Paragragh 8# y( f8 C( d! J; Q8 q' _; l( Z
5. The evolution of the Chinese banking system can be broadly divided into three phases.1 [% D2 m8 I* W- t- d; r3 @
现代中国银行业体制的发展演变大体上分为三个阶段。
N# L# B" c% n (1)phase: n.stage of development:阶段;时期. l" H) x8 v1 ]- ?
6.The establishment of the People's Bank of China (PBC) in December 1984 marked the beginning of the first phase, which was characterized by a mono-bank engaged in both policy and commercial banking operations.
8 l+ R. Z1 T3 u4 a9 H 这个阶段以中国人民银行由既从事政策性银行业务,又从事商业性银行业务的单一银行(制度)为特征。' B4 H" R* J( O7 b! g/ s0 B
本句为由which引导的非限制性定语从句,对主句作补充说明。8 K) j! e7 O6 n( I0 v* Q% f* J
(1)be characterized by …:以……为特征
2 G" `5 ^% r' e1 R7 E% y+ r4 Y) v n4 Z (2)mono-bank (system):单一银行(制度)" j; ?# w: w% @
mono-:(字首)表示“单一”之意。, P0 f! b4 r; S
(3)由engaged in …过去分词短语修饰前面的a mono-bank (system)。! E, C0 o7 B- t3 w
6.It is dictated by highly centralized planned economic system.( G. l: f) @+ P# i) Y
这种体制是由高度集中的计划经济体制决定的。
0 i5 a( e* j1 z, }, |: d! V (1)highly centralized planned economic system:高度集中的计划经济体制* }0 c' S3 w H
(2)dictate: v.口授命令;支配 |