6.The establishment of the People's Bank of China (PBC) in December 1984 marked the beginning of the first phase, which was characterized by a mono-bank engaged in both policy and commercial banking operations. 这个阶段以中国人民银行由既从事政策性银行业务,又从事商业性银行业务的单一银行(制度)为特征。 本句为由which引导的非限制性定语从句,对主句作补充说明。 (1)be characterized by …:以……为特征 (2)mono-bank (system):单一银行(制度) mono-:(字首)表示“单一”之意。 (3)由engaged in …过去分词短语修饰前面的a mono-bank (system)。 6.It is dictated by highly centralized planned economic system. 这种体制是由高度集中的计划经济体制决定的。 (1)highly centralized planned economic system:高度集中的计划经济体制 (2)dictate: v.口授命令;支配 Overview of the Banking Industry in China I.The Role of the Banking Sector in China Paragragh 9 (P1,倒数第1段) 1.The second phase begin in 1984 when the State Council decided to make the PBC function as a central bank. 第二阶段始于1984年,是国务院决定由中国人民银行行使中央银行的职能。 此句为由when关系副词引导的定语从句,修饰前面的时间先行词1984年。 (1)to make the PBC function as a central bank:使中国人民银行行使中央银行职能 (2)make: v.cause to be or become:使;使成为 (3)function (as…):operate;act:尽职责;起作用 (4)PBC(People’s Bank of China):the central bank of our country中国人民银行,即我国的中央银行 2.The decision,which was made in response to the increased role of market forces in the economy,promoted diversification of financial institutions with the establishment of the four specialized banks,now known as wholly state-owned commercial banks. 该决定是针对当时市场经济活动在整个国民经济生活中的作用明显提高的情况作出的,它促进了金融机构多元化的发展,先后组建了四大专业银行,即现在人们所说的四家国有独资商业银行。 (1)which引导非限制性定语从句。 (2)in response to:对……作出反应;对……作出回答 (3)market forces:市场因素;市场经济活动 force: n.thing that makes great changes:引起重大改变的事物;因素;力 例:economic forces:经济因素 monetary forces:货币因素 (4)diversification: n.多种经营;多元化 diversify: v.make diverse;give variety to:使不同;使变化 diversification of export:出口多样化 diversification of risk:风险分散 (5)specialized bank:专业银行 (6)wholly state-owned commercial bank:国有独资商业银行 Paragragh 10 3.The third phase began in 1993 when the State Council issued the Decision on Financial Reform, recognizing the urgent need for developing new financial markets, institutions and instruments. 第三阶段始于1984年,那一年国务院颁发了《关于金融体制改革的决定》,强调了建立和发展新的金融市场、金融机构以及金融工具的重要性和紧迫性。 (1)Decision on Financial Reform:《关于金融体制改革的决定》