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[笔译初级] 辨析rain, a rain, the rain

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发表于 2012-8-16 09:42:51 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  【问题】说到下雨,英文有时说 rain,有时说 the rain,甚至还可以用不定冠词的“a”,来放在 rain 的前面,这些说法到底有什么分别?
8 U  P5 p" u* `, E* `5 r7 b6 d: ~' a- ^4 y* R* h/ k
  【解答】一般是把“雨”当做物质名词(Material Noun)看待,所以前面不加冠词,单说 rain 就行了。如 Maugham 的一个短篇小说的题名就是 Rain 。英文的water,air,smoke 等都是物质名词,rain 算作物质名词,自然也很合理。不过物质名词常可变成普通名词,变性之后就可以加用不定冠词或说成复数,如hair, hairs; cake, cakes; poison, poisons; food ,foods;gas,gases;brick,bricks等,但gold,platinum,oxygen,hydrogen等字,则从来不会变成普通名词的。' K' q  C0 I" B+ L5 D9 w9 r
  为什么有时又加用定冠词的“the ”呢?我想这大概是受了the sun,the sky用法的影响,但大都又不是限定的意思,所以“微雨”译作:- h. m" w- Z) x5 d7 M
  Rain is falling lightly. 或
5 ]7 _7 s$ f$ x7 B9 ^9 B4 ?www.examw.com  The rain is falling lightly.6 x0 |) |! b& Y( f5 ^4 |  \/ E5 S
  都可以,当然最好是说:/ y% d) o* l+ j' W
  It is raining lightly.* F0 W3 D" o+ z% q0 E* m: c* W  P
  在rain前如果用有形容词的时候,就一定要加用不定冠词的“a”了。“大雨”或“豪雨”说a heavy rain,实为a heavy fall of rain的节约说法。例如:
* L! }9 k: N0 |0 H& _  I put off my departure on account of a heavy rain.(我因大雨而延期出发。)
- {% f! l3 Y/ `. m6 R0 l  在rain前可用的形容词,容在下面举例说明。至于中国话的“甘霖”,可译作a welcome rain,“红雨”可译作 a rain of falling blossoms,“弹雨”可译作a rain of bullets。“泪如雨下”,固然可译作a rain of tears,同时英文也可以说“雨如泪下”,即A soft rain fell like tears。这当然有冷雨孤衾,静悄悄中流泪的感觉。* l9 D! g  u4 i) @2 m
  英文的rain一字虽是从古巩英文regn而来的,但它有一个希腊种的形容词hyetal,许多学术名词都用得着它,如hyetology(雨学),hyetometer(雨量表)等。在rain or shine一个片语中的rain=rainy weather(雨天。)用成复数时的rains=shower(骤雨。)the rains则指热带的雨季(the rainy season)。We have the rains in early winter.(雨季在初冬。)
6 [4 W8 V( u1 J8 K5 E+ @" ^* Y5 _  下雪(snow)的用法和rain一样,但storm(暴风雨)前可以直接接“a”,如A storm was raging all along the coast.(沿海岸一带正刮着暴风雨。)如用“the”便有限定的意思,如Many trees in the park were blown down by the storm (of) the other day.(日昨发生的暴风雨,把公园里的许多树木都吹倒了。)现就rain的无冠词及有冠词的三种用法分别举例如下:0 |) v! v; J& n2 S) k
  (一) 不加冠词的:
" M, L% I5 _  `3 o2 }  It looks like rain.(好象要下雨的样子。)' V, q/ c& ~) F( Z+ o
  Rain has set in.(下起雨来了。)
9 R1 d9 X3 q8 x+ J7 r& G1 F* `: F5 R  Rain was scarce. (雨量缺少。)/ H/ f2 x$ F' M- q
  We shall have rain. (要下雨了。)$ h8 W" M( K  z8 |
  The farmers want rain.(农夫要雨。)# ^. d& U3 D/ i1 q
  Rain came down in torrents.(倾盆大雨。)
% g9 Y! ^4 S% l3 `1 ?, M  We will start before daybreak, rain or shine.(不问天晴下雨,我们都要在天亮前动身。)2 k$ O7 `9 K( X, @. _& \
  We've had too much rain this summer.(今年夏天的雨水太多了。). [0 K0 w# q) w! S/ D+ U* Z8 E* A' S
  We have been without rain for a long time.(好久没有下雨了。)
$ ?1 Z3 ~. ~0 g9 ]+ S; U  The coat is proof against rain.(这衣是防雨的。)
4 Y9 x0 G0 c* ~  V  Take an umbrella with you in case of rain.(带把伞去,怕下雨。)
2 t. m3 G. [$ {2 L3 g  Don't get wet with rain.(不要被雨淋湿。)
2 t2 n$ d4 h7 d0 H7 k  We must take shelter from rain.(我们必段避雨。)
4 u7 a; c+ }3 e% k7 D* F/ N; |  (二) 加用冠词the 的:
- J  p+ K/ \* a  Here comes the rain!(雨来了。)  ]5 Q0 ]9 k3 L
  I was caught in the rain.(我遇到了雨。)
5 z$ o% H. D" ?" }6 x( l9 Y+ N9 O  The rain cleared off.(雨停了。)
5 M" j* R0 H3 a. u  The rain has left off.(雨停了。)  w* T" A& [1 m
  The rain stopped suddenly.(雨突然停了。)! I' Z/ H* g+ E: Y$ D5 R6 v
  The rain pelted against the windows of my car.(雨打在我汽车的窗子上。)
& n/ @! U5 r2 m; q: e6 z  The rain poured (down) all day.(终日倾盆大雨。)2 D$ m6 {& B$ _$ K
  The rain has subsided.(雨小了。)
- o3 @6 L) w  F1 a7 L" m3 [! E- j  The rain shut us up in the cabin.(因雨我们只好关在小屋里。)8 K. Y3 J( D$ {. I% z3 x
  The hut is barely able to keep out the rain.(小屋仅能御雨)+ `. v- E: `  [/ a1 W0 V
  The rain has abated.(雨停止了。)7 v) s7 Y0 o8 M: {* o$ u! [% s
  (三) 加用冠词a的:
1 d: f" h$ b& M3 u$ f# K+ J# `. C  A sharp rain was beating against the window-panes and the quilt was not warm enough.(冷雨敲窗被未温。)
0 S# `& E7 t$ a! y; C- o: q  A rain now came on, which continued for two or three hours, and made the road slippery and toilsome.(现在下了一场雨,一连下了两三个钟头,使得路上泞滑难行。)# E/ _7 Y% l" b8 Y( W  v" H1 m
  A cold rain was drizzling down.(冷雨濛濛而降。)3 u& {) [% w6 t" W2 r8 ]
  A heavy rain visited the city.(城里下了大雨。)
; h: M. W& D2 _, Z2 R4 @0 ~  A gentle rain is falling on the grass.(和雨降在芳草上面)
0 X+ G6 ?3 ]9 N+ J" W  When the sun shines through a light rain, it makes a rainbow.(太阳照过细雨,便要现出彩虹来。)& L  u) X3 s( O
  在rain前既可以加不定冠词的“a”,自然也可以变成复数了,例如:
9 v* `; f" P1 G& a  The river rises after heavy rains.(几场豪雨之后河水高涨。)
% V" F1 I0 G/ S: }% e0 V3 Y  It was visited by abundant rains(它遭受大雨袭击。)
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