转译成名词 (一)英语中很多由名词派生的动词,以及由名词转用的动词,在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词,这时可将其转译成汉语名词。# u+ M* a+ Y) W8 B
1. 名词派生的动词
8 h7 D1 l( z* ? 1) Formality has always characterized their relationship. 1 B( J% r) ]7 o5 x; z
他们之间的关系,有一个特点,就是以礼相待。2 B$ f- p0 {! F% |8 x
2) To them, he personified the absolute power. , I) F5 Y0 ?4 {9 N2 R- ~* B3 w
在他们看来,他就是绝对权威的化身。2 P. ^$ u5 D& ]( G" M
2. 名词转用的动词
3 g" v7 i4 \. ?+ W; [ 1) Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions. 6 Q _ |, N8 H; {' F; A. x! a9 R
美国绝大多数间谍卫星,按其设计,是在完成使命后,在大气层中焚毁。2 w/ Q8 z% U5 f. S
(二)有些英语被动式句子中的动词,可以译成"受(遭)到……+名词"、"予(加)以+名词"这类结构。如:
: T; P2 z3 K: S* x# f Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged at by the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon and earth. (由于经常受到太阳、月亮以及地球引力的影响,卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。)' `3 ?) _5 e1 U: s7 x& y( F: y4 @* x
(三)形容词转译成名词. s. S) \ e$ } l) q
1. 英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人,汉译时常译成名词。如:7 |2 g% C# u! n7 p( F
1) They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. ! X) O1 Z) Z$ ]/ d' V
他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。
) ]" K2 c' H! }9 v) V0 A 2) Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor. : c; r+ X% M2 \8 D
罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨阔人,热爱并保护穷人。! D: l6 r2 ]& s2 s
2. 此外,根据情况还有些形容词可以译成名词。如:9 L4 B* m% u6 j2 b$ ^
1) Stevenson was eloquent and elegant——but soft.
* v" a/ {% \6 Q1 |/ P: X 史蒂文森有口才、有风度,但很软弱。
2 x. ~0 r& k3 ^' i3 i 2) They were considered insincere.
% c. _% _$ g% y+ L 他们被人认为是伪君子。 |