一.汉语中常见的非常简练而独特的说法
) {, y# P. G; U, G2 c/ i （short-hand phrases）的翻译
5 G: p5 o6 k* }' u 对于汉语中那些含义深刻而表达简练的特别说法，在翻译成英语时，应遵循两条基本原则：一是尽量参考英语中原有的类似的说法，二是尽量运用英语中的习惯用法。下面举一些常见的例子：
8 O P: [& T1 y “下海” To go into commercial business To drop out of (teaching, etc.) and venture into business To be seduced into commerce / industry 8 q; S6 N6 _+ J6 D6 }0 \+ ?
康居工程 The Affordable Housing Program ' D7 b& c$ t0 |2 ?3 U6 ~0 f
“货币分房” The “own-as-you-pay” housing system
3 e T$ j% \; n- P/ a- u, ?( S “吃饭财政” A “mouth-feeding” budget-a budget much of which is used for a burgeoning government payroll 2 D/ m" n$ e5 K0 j* y& ^+ v& J
以外贸企业为龙头 With foreign trade companies as the locomotive / flagship 8 p* E# M0 M+ A* x/ |/ a
“摸着石头过河” “To wade across the stream by feeling the way” ' _6 W$ s: U, k7 W% H
文化搭台，经贸唱戏 Cultural events set the stage and trade activities play the star role.
4 f6 o& h7 {7 A0 @. w 大锅饭 The “big pot” distribution system under which everyone gets the same “portion” irrespective of his work / contribution
8 K4 N0 F- r& Z. v) e0 P% v& Z 饭后百步走，活到九十九。 An after-dinner walk a day keeps the doctor away.
) @% G4 d) B: Z9 S* ` “金梧桐”企业实 行网上招聘人才。 Companies wishing to attract talents worldwide have set up recruitment homepages on the Internet. ' n. @# Q) G& B1 y
带职分流， 定向培训， 加强基层， 改善结构。 无情调节， 有情安排。 To stream out redundant government staff with their ranks retained; to provide tailor-made training programs geared to re-entry purposes; to move downward to join and rejuvenate grass-roots organizations and to improve the personnel composition with “fresh blood” injected. To trim out redundancies relentlessly, and to re-assign the laid-offs considerately.
8 h2 k, J ]0 h0 M+ Y （集邮爱好者语）方寸之间，深情无限。 On these tiny postage stamps, Philatelic friendship “franks.”
% k: x! r" U: z9 z$ H2 X* E 生意场上“一锤子买卖”的做法 The “grab-the-money-and-run” business mentality
, r; _9 T% U7 F8 W$ t. e& K' @& o1 u 堤外损失堤内补 To gain on the swings what was lost on the roundabouts 5 B; l2 C! d2 }
把企业推向市场 To lead/guide enterprises (at their elbows) to the market To let enterprises “swim” / “immerse” in the marketplace
# X; \! Y, h! d 二.带数字的归纳语的翻译8 q9 V0 C, i8 D3 q
这是指“三要三不要”之类的说法。翻译成英语是“three do’s and three don’t’s”。再如“三农问题”（指农业，农村，农民），我们似可把“三农”英译为rural economy, rural development and rural demography。下面再举一些例子：（参见下表）% z( g4 z; }* ?8 @
“三包”；包修、包换、包退 We offer 3-R guarantees: guaranteed repair, replacement and refund. 2 o8 i0 g X: M& {$ `
“三来一补”：来料，来图，来样加工；补偿贸易 The “Three plus one” trading mix: custom manufacturing (with materials, designs or samples by the customer) and compensation trade. % s! M# n* v1 H, ~* |5 c$ C
“三公”：公平、公正、公开 The recruitment is based on the principle of equal opportunity, fair treatment and open competition.
+ [! D M2 k7 {9 u “三个面向”：面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来 Out education is oriented to the modernization program, to the global perspective and to our nation’s future goals.
& I4 d4 S3 x2 q$ k" K, n* C “四大目标”：建设大港口、扶持大工业、发展大经济、实现大繁荣 We are determined to build a port of large size, foster an industry of large scope, develop an economy of large scale and achieve prosperity of large magnitude. $ f7 t; L4 y+ P
“四自原则”：自找伙伴，自筹资金，自主经营，自负盈亏 The “four-self” principle: self-supporting in finding partners, self-reliance in raising capital, self-decision in management, and self-responsibility for losses and gains.
+ y. B9 o7 D% J0 ?; c7 g3 V 一个确保、三个到位、五项改革 One goal to attain, three tasks to accomplish and five areas to undergo reform
: j* O( R0 u8 U& L" I b( A4 {7 T% Y; ] “五讲四美”：讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲纪律、讲道德；心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美 Five merits to advocate and four virtues to promote: civilized behavior, common courtesy, hygienic conditions, proper discipline and public morality; loft sentiments, refined language, good manners and environmental awareness 5 [" ]& z; X* Q& u) R
“九通一平”： 通水、通电、通热、通气、通下水、通邮、通讯、通闭路电视、通还道路；平整土地 Eight availables and two accessibles: Water, electricity, heat, gas, sewage, post, telecommunications, and closed circuit TV are available. You are accessible to paved roads and leveled ground.
6 N/ L" c. l) Y/ M9 v 八个环境：园区的创新环境、开放环境、法制环境、引进人才环境、继续教育环境、产业发展空间环境、政府管理和社会服务环境 To create a favorable environment in the Science Park for: technical innovation, outward orientation, operation legalization, talent attraction, continuing education, industrial expansion, governance and service provision 5 J; X9 M) p- A- C
（英译汉）the three-P’s: patience, persistence, and perseverance “三性”：耐性、持久性、坚韧不拔性
' M' h4 r% `: L3 Q5 [ 三.带“化”字的表达方式的翻译
: K7 Z2 n5 n) h; m7 X# l) M 汉语比较灵活，许多字后面都可以加一个“化”字，例如下面的“螺马化”。而英语则不然，不可随意在任何名词和形容词的后面加上相应的词尾（-ize, -ization, -izing）而使其“化”字化。例如，下面若干个带“化”字的词中唯有mechanized一词是“正宗”的，而其余的“化”字全都是根据意思“绕着弯儿”翻译的。这样一来，汉语原文中的简练有力而整齐划一的特色就没有了。但是，意译的效果也有一定的特点，那就是意思清楚、语言地道；再加上大体整齐，或者有可能的话，争取做到对称押韵。0 V: U+ O7 j# X. I" w; p+ j
男女平等制度化，同工同酬定规化。! w1 A: ]$ x' N( o d6 Z. E
The equality between men and women is here to stay, and equal work for equal pay is the order of the day.) l1 ~- h, f8 |) n) {* F j, z
重型装备的驮运已经从骡马化发展到机械化。0 l( E+ @# s/ W
The moving of heavey-duty weaponry has undergone the stage from the use of draught animals to mechanized haulage.
# G. a) l; A- H! Y6 t 干部队伍要革命化、知识化、专业化、年轻化。
5 n8 ~9 s. D- Y5 X6 s4 U The contingent of cadres should be composed of staunch revolutionaries who are better educated, better trained, and younger in age.- ]+ X& x* @: T
四.证书和奖状的翻译" n, D, \/ h7 g J
在把中文的证书和奖状翻译成英文时，应该考虑到以下几个方面：首先当然是要准确传达原文的内容；译文中的意思必须正确无误。这一点是毋庸置疑的。其次是要反映出英文证书和奖状的文字风格和语言特点。如果我们找来一些英语国家的证书（如结业证书、学位证书、公证书、营业执照等）和奖状（如学校奖状、企业奖状等）加以研究，我们不难看出，其中的文字都十分庄重、严谨、贴切，并且都有一些特定的表述方法。此外，英文证书和奖状在形式上的特征也不能忽视，译文要尽量模仿其常用的格式。只有这样，译文才能称得上是贯彻了“洋为中用、外为我用”的方针；取得了“达意、传神、表形”三统一的效果；从而为外国读者所喜闻乐见。
! v, z% g0 W7 e" q 下面是一个中文奖状的例子。这里提供的译文（包括格式）参照了英文奖状的一些特点：
7 N5 W$ G, V: G B: I9 S1 r 发明创造 科技之星奖 为表彰在科学技术 方面做出卓越成就 特此颁发证书 获奖者 获奖项目 AWARD This certificate of nomination is presented to Star of scientific/technological invention/innovation (name of recipient) for the outstanding accomplishment of (name of project) Signed by Date |
发表于 2012-8-16 09:54:19
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