常见的翻译技巧：真题点评（3）

会计考友

五、2002年3月份真题
（一）英译汉
背景知识：美国基金会于20世纪早期产生，产生原因如下
（1）经济发达，富裕
（2）信仰
2 ?8 j1 V  ?! @+ B" B4 C（3）税收制度――遗产税
注：世界基金会排名首位：比尔盖茨及夫人创建，150亿美元
1、Foundations are tax- free institutions that are created to give grants to both individuals and nonprofit organizations for activities that range from education, research, and the arts to support for the poor and the upkeep of exotic gardens and old mansions.
" l- f) H6 v, j- ]（1）包含两个定语从句，分别修饰institutions和activities
（2）that are created to遇见“被动”转化为“主动”
0 A( A6 q7 a( x# G9 j- H4 _（3）support for中support为名词
2、They provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments will be spent, for they are based on money that otherwise would go to the government in taxes.
/ Z6 I) E' p" U" E. |（1）for等同于because
3、From a small beginning at the turn of the century, they have become a very important factor in shaping developments in higher education and the arts.
（1）at the turn of the century本世纪初（20世纪）
4、Think tanks and university research institutes are nonprofit organizations that have been developed to provide settings for experts in various academic disciplines.
" U' A" S6 e( {# d# I' c' G9 N（1）Think tanks智囊团
5、In this way, they may devote their time to the study of policy alternatives free from the teaching and departmental duties that are part of the daily routine for most members of the academic community.
$ ?/ A5 Y! c! w( r9 ^6 p（1）devote one’s time to投身于、献身于
- Q+ T1 t  W5 m. `; v- M（2）定语从句另成一句
（3）daily routine例行之事
6、Supported by foundation grants and government contracts, they are a major source of the new ideas that are discussed in the policy- formation groups.
% ?! F# @: _* g+ v" h  @0 |（1）they指代“专家”
) F# D) P: ]6 J' F4 E9 m注意：“政府协议”指为科研人员、科研机构提供经费的协议
" _# A( Y/ o  v/ A; K（二）汉译英
3 O* {; b( g+ Q  ]& l5 U3 i1、家长会完全符合“廉政建设”的要求，与会的家长绝不会像参加行业、单位的一些会议，先看看会议地点是不是设在风景旅游区，会后发不发纪念品之类，然后方决定是否参加。
* N, P/ I) b+ A8 B（1）断句，分成两句翻译
（2）“廉政建设”：building an honest and clean government
如果不会翻译，可以考虑正反翻译法
（3）“完全符合”in line with
% P5 m* c4 ?/ P2 h( a# W6 f（4）“家长会”the parents’ meeting
& {0 d( o* p/ s" g: d! }' ^- aPTA：Parent-Teacher Association
（5）第二句翻译时注意句序调整：“与会的家长在决定是否参加之前，……”
（6）纪念品：gifts
（7）行业：industry
5 B1 }1 j- G0 x& s- ]- ?, F2、其他会议都难得准时，惟有家长会绝对正点召开。
（1）“准时”与“正点”意思相近，翻译时不要重复，如：on time；punctual，翻译时，可以考虑正反翻译法，入：never delay
3、在家长会上，家长们个个全神贯注地倾听、记录，生怕漏掉一点内容。
（1）记录：take notes
$ N, V* ]4 y* g( \$ `（2）全神贯注地: attentively
+ W- J* y/ s: N- g* S7 G  z% K) f5 _（3）for fear that 生怕
（4）漏掉：miss
7 J+ ?. M- [6 a# D. O* `4、不少会议都可列入可开可不开之列，但对于学校和家长而言，家长会则是必不可少的。
9 `7 p7 Q6 k8 Z0 Y; X! Z（1）必不可少：necessary或 indispensable
注意：（1）句子结构调整
（2）正反翻译转化
六、2002年9月份真题
（一）英译汉
1 ]1 a. j/ z/ ~9 p% E1、If the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) thinks it can largely curtail the nation’s terrorism problems by focusing on college students, we all should worry.
8 L$ \; w& U* G0 r1 T9 i: w$ _（1）INS 移民归化局
（2）小知识：1882年美国通过排华法案。长达61年，美国大门向中国关闭。
$ `( m% V) k5 G# ^2、Identification cards already are required here for most persons to enter their workplace, take an airplane flight or go into a public building, including my campus library. The idea of a national ID, however, was knocked out of earlier drafts of legislation by a coalition of civil rights and ethnic groups, who opposed a requirement that all non- citizens carry identifying documents. In some degree, they have a point.
  j0 @4 J, Y0 z" Z' o; a: C) [2 C（1）Identification cards:内涵上身份证并不等同与任何可以表明你身份的证件，在美国有两个：passport 和 driver license
6 }6 |0 q& X! ?/ N* o（二）汉译英
. m/ y. O. N- ?$ Q( V) I; d1、这一目标的实现，最直接的应该是老百姓住得更宽敞、更舒适了。
1 \" G. y' ^' A* |3 A4 K4 l! @- X" t' ~（1）严格意义上说病句，应在“最直接的”后＋“体现”
8 d( B/ R5 |. m! X5 b“体现”：reflect；show
（2）实现：achievement
$ z! l( A( ~. r, f+ K4 U# p（3）老百姓：the public
2、届时，上海人均住房面积将会大幅增加。除此之外，老百姓的服务性消费，如教育、信息、旅游等消费也会大量增长。
（1）大幅、大量：greatly； by a large margin
, g3 Y% v0 ]3 _% f增加、增长：increase，grow，go up