一、缩写词： Abbreviations in Note taking( Y# O+ c; |8 _, ?5 j
Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.. ~, v+ e, o4 Q$ H9 S Z" }7 m
1．Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.
" r w5 G1 ?! w: I( p* v6 B6 N- {4 DS = sum
' f& b1 v# r1 Z* t+ ~, X5 ^f = frequency; Q# H4 S \7 I% r0 _
Leave out periods in standard abbreviations.
3 |0 r% K5 k3 X, e& F9 x' w' _3 Qcf = compare
9 O! ]2 [; K! m+ S1 L% Q) p; ~- me.g. = example7 P4 e' y) K) @: y. u
dept = department# ?2 A w) g6 M3 }7 m! r
Use only the first syllable of a word.: w$ j' i! s" B; u$ `7 T) f
pol = politics
/ K; E' {# _2 j* |4 K4 cdem = democracy6 G, ]/ |# d% m; V. T U6 w1 ^
lib = liberal( P' D, m7 f% }/ K
cap = capitalism
- x1 R) o' [* ~3 LUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.
# T2 w8 [ _2 ?pres = presentation5 Z; E/ J# ~% I' c) w, ^$ Q
subj = subject
, U" x0 u/ W* ]# P# I: Vind = individual2 _. M& A! ?& j6 I/ i, E
cons = conservative
2 X6 p# ^$ H' u2 TEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.
) a, w7 q" f! I0 Wassoc = associate
9 B# C6 |; D* C7 ~# j+ w. Zbiol = biology: [# Q7 t+ \! F z" H
info = information3 e3 \% }7 k* o& n, n8 q
ach = achievement
$ t( W2 M% T8 R. E8 \5 vchem = chemistry+ h& j+ q7 r( G/ ? W
max = maximum4 J$ w7 n- F+ V$ a& Z
intro = introduction/ Y" w& p6 h7 T5 B
conc = concentration5 D. R/ N) L. x
min = minimum7 q5 z; U# k5 U) k$ V0 M+ }
rep = repetition, S6 V3 T& }7 r3 i2 X
Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.' |9 M0 g- |9 B& c+ s( x1 {% s
ppd = prepared
$ e8 K- p# v; d, ]+ Mprblm = problem j% c: c3 S5 M
estmt = estimate4 Z% E% Y$ ^0 P( F" s
bkgd = background7 v4 s$ t; h, I' D
gvt = government0 N. w/ S, d" ~5 o3 ]3 ?# r+ d
Use an apostrophe in place of letters.
2 s( y8 e6 X* oam't = amount
: Z1 ^. O' T$ d3 ]. vcont'd = continued
6 V* G g2 t% Kgov't = government
3 G8 O+ o% `% I9 teducat'l = educational' z T; [5 B4 n- y# p/ I/ V4 V- _
Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.6 h2 R# L2 p8 B- q% ]3 C
chpts = chapters p/ ^( T8 U5 D* j
egs = examples1 d7 U0 z% L* D8 Z
fs = frequencies( G$ n0 e: E x- ]
intros = introductions( S6 ?' t# ~ r5 w2 Z8 I
Use g to represent ing endings.
; F8 T; l* I0 J! E/ S3 a2 Z# W& rckg = checking
2 g# M6 j# l& C# E+ \3 `estg = establishing
7 @6 ?0 e- ]$ t, Fdecrg = decreasing
" p" k4 a: e, u7 o( L+ Pexptg = experimenting
- N+ F2 A0 M% l- PSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.
$ S( ` f: L2 _" R+ c& V; yAbbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.% c2 ^* M. A; e S' b* N5 A
Leave out unimportant words.
3 b1 B; U7 j, |! n' t! T( o/ YLeave out the words a and the.
, ?* P" {* ?% |6 `If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.
0 Z5 z8 ^' N4 [1 m6 NUse symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.
7 L9 c( v- O, C0 P& = and
1 I6 K; f/ n- Fw/ = with) j2 S% |1 d: _6 w5 d
w/o = without" A% q9 } I' ]5 s& z
vs = against
3 H Z3 _, g4 T C+ b" w\ = therefore7 s% j* ^/ l( P4 L4 E0 h5 d3 _* @
= = is or equal |
发表于 2012-8-16 09:59:03
