日语综合学习资料:日本精神(無常)

会计考友

　　无常无常とは仏教の最も大事な世界観の１つで、すべて生あるものは必ず死に、変化しないものはない、という生々流転の认识です。日本では古くから文学の主要なテーマとなり、中世の『平家物语』『方丈记』『徒然草』や江戸时代（1603～1867）の芭蕉の『奥の细道』など、日本の有名な作品の基调をなしています。
『平家物语』では「……盛者必衰のことわりを表す。おごれるものは久しからず……」と强大な势力を夸った最初の武士集団、平家が灭亡した物语を语り、『方丈记』では「行く川の流れは絶えずしてしかももとの水にあらず……」と、エッセイの冒头を无常観から始めています。
Mujo(Transiency)Transinecy is one of the most important views of the world in In Buddhism; it refers to the notion of the transmigration of souls, which holds that every single life inevitably dies and everything is under constant change. Since ancient times it has been a chief subject of literature in Japan, and has formed the underlying tone of such famous Japanese works as the "Tale of Heike," the "Ten-Foot-Square Hut," and the "Essays in Idleness," in the midieval times, and the "Narrow Road to the Deep North" by Basho in the Edo Period(1603-1867).
The "Tale of Heike" tells the story of the fall of Heike, the first clan of warriors that have enjoyed strong power:"....(Buddhist teaching) reveals the law that the prosperous must decay, and pride goes before a fall....". And in the "Ten-Foot-Square Hut," the essay begins with a view of the world as transient: "Ceaselessly the river flows, and yet the water is never the same."