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[德语语法] 德语语法辅导:德语6个情态动词用法

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发表于 2012-8-16 22:20:22 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  1. dürfen (to be permitted, may)& x1 T' _% E. A# P' T  B$ \
  Present: Darf ich rauchen? May I smoke?- }8 f: Q, I2 y4 d
  Past/Preterite: Er durfte das nicht. He wasn't permitted to do that.
4 R$ R  Z" f8 _' O* N: x9 U3 P# |  Pres. Perfect/Perfekt: Er hat dort nicht parken dürfen. He was not permitted to park there.
7 \: |% T6 q7 ?+ T% g2 f6 i  Past Perfect/Plusquamperfekt: Wir hatten das damals machen dürfen. We had been allowed to do that back then.
" x! N6 U% \' i' H/ }  Future/Futur: Wir werden das machen dürfen. We will be allowed to do that.7 D% ?  v" _7 f. a- V: Z6 {& ]
  Subjunctive/Konjunktiv: Wenn ich dürfte... If I were permitted...5 D( _  X7 x8 v: y  @# S
  NOTE: For all modals with umlauts, the simple past (preterite/Imperfekt) has no umlaut, but the subjunctive form always has an umlaut!
: N& @) y$ p! B9 Z0 U; U, ?4 `" G  Sample Idiomatic Expressions:0 N' U* r( k' s' r
  Was darf es sein? May I help you? (store clerk)
% W5 f) S* d; t% j$ j2 }* ~  Wenn ich bitten darf. If you please.
4 M6 \4 C- G+ V1 G2 O  2. k?nnen (to be able, can, know)
; P' R  T% F! F9 M. x  Present: Er kann gut fahren. He can drive well.' U/ p' d  y- e+ e
  Past/Preterite: Er konnte sie nicht leiden. He couldn't stand her., K, F& }6 Q4 |% y  U' W$ o
  Pres. Perfect/Perfekt: Er hat sie nicht leiden k?nnen. He couldn't stand her.
' I" U0 w" X# W' x' y8 ^  Past Perfect/Plusquamperfekt: Er hatte sie nicht leiden k?nnen. He had not been able to stand her.
+ Q. J2 I9 r+ A# \- u; O3 T  Future/Futur: Er wird sie nicht leiden k?nnen. He won't be able to stand her.3 Z2 C2 P( j5 O# [$ ]9 G. X
  Subjunctive/Konjunktiv: Wenn ich ihn nur leiden k?nnte... If I could only stand him...
/ ?5 ]$ g, K+ o  E0 s  NOTE: For all modals with umlauts, the simple past (preterite/Imperfekt) has no umlaut, but the subjunctive form always has an umlaut!
) ?  ?8 _. d- K1 `7 b  Sample Idiomatic Expressions:
' b9 V# J4 K- b9 V) ~  Sie k?nnten sich irren. You could be mistaken.
5 H# R8 C' b, I" Z5 e0 x6 D  Das kann man wohl sagen. You can say that again.
1 t& K9 e! l; M  Er kann Deutsch. He knows German. ("can German")9 U6 T2 ^9 V5 g) s$ e5 }3 f6 B
  Er kann Sie jetzt sprechen. He can see you now. (doctor, dentist)
& k$ w% w% }! S2 P1 B: w  3. müssen (to have to, must)
9 R7 u' \4 k2 }# k. ?. U/ f  Present: Ich muss dort Deutsch sprechen. I have to speak German there.+ e8 @7 ~$ v/ L2 u+ g& j$ v1 U
  Past/Preterite: Er musste es nicht tun. He didn't have to do it.& O3 y4 X2 s" v5 f1 O& x2 G
  Pres. Perfect/Perfekt: Wir haben mit der Bahn fahren müssen. We had to go by train.- c/ Q; S; x" F$ e1 |% R% u+ R
  Future/Futur: Sie wird morgen abfahren müssen. She will have to depart tomorrow.
8 @1 ]8 o  F: z  r/ M4 b  Subjunctive/Konjunktiv: Wenn ich müsste... If I had to...
# h, i0 h9 m8 z) f9 u  K  NOTE: For all modals with umlauts, the simple past (preterite/Imperfekt) has no umlaut, but the subjunctive form always has an umlaut!
1 g# R$ P' h6 `; ^6 W4 e; z  Sample Idiomatic Expressions:* J$ ?  L6 n! Q: B* X2 r
  Ich muss nach Hause. I have to go home.8 G; d% }3 B: A2 J
  Muss das sein? Is that really necessary?, ]4 ^7 C2 }' B" ]5 M4 k3 T
  So müsste es immer sein. That's how it should be all the time.
. r" J0 ]7 C7 R6 x$ |6 b- K  4. m?gen (to like)3 n% D8 i! x! M% m+ e& C, Q
  Present: Er mag die Suppe. He likes the soup.. C; A/ I, }4 Q* A8 s8 J
  Past/Preterite: Er mochte die Stadt nicht. He didn't like the city.
. c: w$ b& I, ^( p9 T  Pres. Perfect/Perfekt: Er hat das Essen nicht gemocht. He didn't like the food.
& t7 g7 A# x% c& p- z  Future/Futur: Er wird das schon m?gen. He'll like that.
+ b+ W7 ^, W0 b6 i  Subjunctive/Konjunktiv: Ja, er m?chte Wein. Yes, he'd like (some) wine.# j) P* C3 M" `! u# W
  Subjunctive/Konjunktiv: Ich m?chte... I would like...# p5 m! H% [1 N0 J% X
  NOTE: For all modals with umlauts, the simple past (preterite/Imperfekt) has no umlaut, but the subjunctive form always has an umlaut!
4 K9 W+ m" t" B. _$ x4 N  Sample Idiomatic Expressions:- B% H7 W* f6 s5 C2 I
  Das mag wohl sein. That well may be. / That may be so.
% R& q- A- O% l1 A$ K$ q  Das mag der Himmel verhütten! Heaven forbid!6 g2 z1 O2 b' Y' a
  Er mag/mochte etwa 1,3 Meter gro? sein. He must be/must have been about 1.3 meters tall.$ m; ~1 @2 Y- {* Q1 J
  5. sollen (to be supposed to, should/ought to)
5 f8 v  _; g  Y; k- {  Present: Er soll reich sein. He's supposed to be rich. / It's said that he's rich.
7 h: O* t, p* J9 e$ k. y  Past/Preterite: Er sollte gestern ankommen. He was supposed to arrive yesterday.' G4 R: l6 C# s6 e: s8 p1 W- ?* R
  Pres. Perfect/Perfekt: Du hast ihn anrufen sollen. You should have called him.( l4 n6 K* B+ n( I0 {
  Future (in sense of): Er soll das morgen haben. He'll have that tomorrow.; |6 X" P! A* k" `, u4 p1 A  c- U0 Y
  Subjunctive/Konjunktiv: Das h?ttest du nicht tun sollen. You shouldn't have done that.
# {% _# `3 T. A/ O  Subjunctive/Konjunktiv: Wenn ich sollte... If I should...
$ I* m0 u: N; U/ q; {  Subjunctive/Konjunktiv: Sollte sie anrufen... If she should (happen to) call...
% A+ ~: }  D6 U* O+ G" V  Sample Idiomatic Expressions:
$ p+ S2 n& K$ G8 a
& O0 G% N, P; n2 O  H! g0 A  Das Buch soll sehr gut sein. The book is said to be very good.
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-16 22:20:23 | 显示全部楼层

德语语法辅导:德语6个情态动词用法

</p>  Du sollst damit sofort aufh?ren! You're to stop that right now!6 L  W; `3 _3 E
  Was soll das (hei?en)? What's that supposed to mean? What's the idea?
2 u( u. w( J' d# F) B; J2 g& B  Es soll nicht wieder vorkommen. It won't happen again.! E4 J1 y) j5 G" n; e: g7 f
  6. wollen (to want to, said to be)
4 Y2 ^4 @0 F  J1 n" T  s  Present: Sie will nicht gehen. She doesn't want to go./ w" i0 U6 h7 m. K+ ~
  Past/Preterite: Ich wollte das Buch lesen. I wanted to read the book.
/ r8 ]! v: v" B  Pres. Perfect/Perfekt: Sie haben den Film immer sehen wollen. They have always wanted to see the movie.) e% `+ s8 k/ J: N' Q4 |9 \7 Q$ @
  Past Perfect/Plusquamperfekt: Wir hatten den Film immer sehen wollen. We had always wanted to see the movie.
6 r8 D/ a% _' E, ]6 Q  Future/Futur: Er wird gehen wollen. He will want to go.
% f2 ]' K; g# G* V1 x  Subjunctive/Konjunktiv: Wenn ich wollte... If I wanted to...  F% x* y1 F2 \) l6 K
  Sample Idiomatic Expressions:
$ o0 f: J! U5 |3 s- @  Das will nicht viel sagen. That's of little consequence. That doesn't mean much.- j" V- p! ]# E7 |( G3 R/ I2 K, J8 \
  Er will es nicht gesehen haben. He claims not to have seen it.
" Y: ^* Y/ F* C9 d4 b  Das hat er nicht gewollt. That's not what he intended.
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