Language is fluid, and usage changes. A case in point is the subjunctive (il congiuntivo), which in English is rapidly becoming extinct. Phrases like "I suggest you go home immediately" and "Robert wishes that you open the window" are not in frequent use anymore.
, h- R0 U t5 \ In Italian, though, the subjunctive tense is alive and flourishing, both in speaking and writing. Rather than stating facts, it expresses doubt, possibility, uncertainty, or personal feelings. It can also express emotion, desire, or suggestions. The table below provides examples of three regular verbs conjugated in the present subjunctive tense.
1 y7 J: M) `3 x4 R2 S0 ]0 h PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE* e( U, p2 |3 g
PRONOUN
5 n7 }/ t/ c; W( }6 [6 w -ARE VERB, u+ f3 W$ E3 b1 [1 r0 q
-ERE VERB7 R* U9 L1 p9 s: }
-IRE VERBS0 [; V. s2 m# _4 h
che io6 k( }" ]. |$ i, @* e" a1 P
parli
0 q! a7 }# o! e% e' y" m scriva* A3 U% C3 b6 E/ \: `+ Q# j |6 O
senta- [+ X4 M4 r5 I* }. S
capisca. L" p2 t% {( p3 C. w* l0 X
che tu
# u+ w+ r( f7 x9 V }. V6 C/ ` parli
6 y. ]( W, W/ Q0 G) W scriva
' ^, B: z, r. X/ _& W senta" X) o# P# U: }
capisca
" A2 L" |+ d8 C& Z che lui/lei/Lei
+ S" q, r8 q5 m. f& o1 z parli
& d2 ]2 S* k2 F" n ^' W' k scriva$ i" r4 Y, t4 [/ _6 N, J8 T; E
senta
+ e h4 x7 ^: e0 y capisca& V/ l! x% _1 i4 r6 y
che noi; ^. W! J" h% t& M( t6 w% B, e' I
parliamo
# ^( c4 c/ x& b5 {2 O9 s scriviamo9 f0 @0 ?* a) p$ ^+ s
sentiamo
$ Y+ w; W; a, ? capiamo( s# x/ [5 K: a0 J! O! Z) y4 i" r
che voi U) h7 H$ O u3 {" c: y7 R
parliate
0 J' g, o0 T; X6 _5 ?( G7 R; F5 [ scriviate* {- M$ I4 \* f9 H0 @
sentiate8 n1 M0 p/ R0 L& k
capiate9 Y$ s3 f h' B) j8 D. q. P
che loro/Loro
0 `( u# s$ ~5 U2 ^ parlino! `% n: A, s; {& J
scrivano
6 {* U; Z }& z% n) |5 U) w- o sentano
( a; x1 o- T' f5 W% ? capiscano
& n4 B2 g8 V. A' f* R7 } Typical phrases that call for the subjunctive tense include:; g' W7 s# @! G$ Y0 ~; [$ L
Credo che... (I believe that...)
7 f1 a9 r" e5 w& K) a9 v- J0 z Suppongo che... (I suppose that...)) G$ x( r; h* z5 R6 i O- w/ T
Immagino che... (I imagine that...)
4 |/ J. k& t- w9 d- } è necessario che... (It is necessary that...)- ]0 D7 y9 Q1 w# d$ ^1 j
Mi piace che... (I'd like that...)" {3 w* H4 e L7 A6 O8 u; S
Non vale la pena che... (It's not worth it that...)& O% ~# L+ J) @: H( q
Non suggerisco che... (I'm not suggesting that...)
: G. E6 u; Z; @. z b4 o Può darsi che... (It's possible that...)+ b: J e* e/ ]4 b* N
Penso che... (I think that...)
" N- \& X. j+ z3 O- K0 l5 J! M) X Non sono certo che... (I'm not sure that...)/ ]2 @6 W B3 C" g+ M2 w
è probabile che... (It is probable that...)
4 g: s, @0 G& D1 W) i Ho l'impressione che... (I have the impression that...)& u! r6 N* K4 H: K9 _7 J9 z
Certain verbs such as suggerire (to suggest), sperare (to hope), desiderare (to wish), and insistere (to insist) require use of the subjunctive. |
发表于 2012-8-17 13:41:37
