意语语法辅导：定冠词

会计考友

　　In English the definite article (l'articolo determinativo) has only one form: the. In Italian, l’articolo determinativo has different forms according to the gender, number, and first letter of the noun or adjective it precedes.
　　i ragazzi e le ragazze (the boys and girls)
9 K% b7 B$ f/ w& X: l, z8 Q　　il quaderno e la penna (the notebook and pen)
　　Here are some rules for using definite articles:
$ v- w6 K, Y) Q& E& @* p　　1. Lo (pl. gli) is used before masculine nouns beginning with s + consonant or z.
: v' b# ~/ s( n　　2. Il (pl. i) is used before masculine nouns beginning with all other consonants.
　　3. L’ (pl. gli) is used before masculine nouns beginning with a vowel.
　　4. La (pl. le) is used before feminine nouns beginning with any consonant.
　　5. L’ (pl. le) is used before feminine nouns beginning with a vowel.
$ E* C" d6 E3 D  V0 l* s) {& k! C　　The article agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies and is repeated before each noun.
- @. I% x/ B$ a6 B　　la Coca–Cola e l’aranciata (the Coke and orangeade)
　　gli italiani e i giapponesi (the Italians and the Japanese)
  L9 Z; h+ Y9 \　　le zie e gli zii (the aunts and uncles)
　　The first letter of the word immediately following the article determines the article’s form. Compare the following:
% O5 p+ {9 x9 M3 M6 C　　il giorno (the day)
% T; W' ]: R7 ?8 |& }  ]) K　　l’altro giorno (the other day)
0 g) {& i! ^/ R9 E　　lo zio (the uncle)
2 {9 B* g0 O8 E! ?$ c9 C$ v  S　　il vecchio zio (the old uncle)
9 u3 e  X# e$ q3 C- M$ E! }+ R　　i ragazzi (the boys)
% T( f5 ~1 @& ^7 t3 i; C7 `; V　　gli stessi ragazzi (the same boys)
　　l’amica (the girlfriend)
　　la nuova amica (the new girlfriend)
　　In Italian, the definite article must always be used before the name of a language, except when the verbs parlare (to speak) or studiare (to study) directly precede the name of the language; in those cases, the use of the article is optional.
- k, z, ~; t# a4 M/ I　　Studio l’italiano. (I study Italian.)
　　Parlo italiano. (I speak Italian.)
　　Parlo bene l’italiano. (I speak Italian well.)
0 t( s) M' l8 T! e) T+ I　　The definite article is used before the days of the week to indicate a repeated, habitual activity.
% Y9 K5 _; r8 ?: v　　Domenica studio. (I’m studying on Sunday.)
1 m. ?5 s0 P" I7 H7 o/ i& A　　Marco non studia mai la domenica. (Marco never studies on Sundays.)