Many verbs in Italian, especially the -ere verbs, have irregular past participles. A list of some of the most common infinitives, along with a sample variation, as well as their past participle forms, appears in the table below.
" {- b( x7 `: h d IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLES- Q' E9 }$ c' G/ p( z2 t3 ~
INFINITIVE+ H: J$ a& V0 T. u
PAST PARTICIPLE
4 [9 _. t& U$ J9 G VARIATION ON THE INFINITIVE
. L& a# Y$ H( C5 P PAST PARTICIPLE! Z$ V# h' \( t
accendere, y: w# s/ z7 r3 ?
acceso
! Q% h, s ]$ b1 { riaccendere2 X$ y$ K X+ n1 o
riacceso4 T2 U; I6 d# F% K7 E: E8 d7 Z
chiedere5 l+ Z/ K+ [# s2 i5 ]" J! S1 a
chiesto
, ~/ W) E3 E x3 e3 W* r9 _ richiedere% D6 ?0 m- I0 k5 P
richiesto1 D/ A3 g' m# @5 b
chiudere" O4 O4 s6 |$ `6 d% h+ O; w: p
chiuso; }% K- E0 Z0 E6 f2 ~
racchiudere* q4 {! z e# m- ~2 F' E
racchiuso. v6 H0 G+ ^$ i0 N- M2 E& ]
cogliere! o9 u9 u; J! o+ Z$ Q* Z
colto, s# C5 G! n ~
raccogliere
% ?/ Q3 J4 g5 C8 W7 l+ P raccolto# S: u( t: z* ]" u9 z
cuocere0 M, l5 F z$ K# d- l8 W, l
cotto
% z1 N; I0 [; F( ] stracuocere
( F: |; ~& A& A+ ^# ?6 P, l, _( Z stracotto; v; s3 J/ B& `& v1 i
dire g2 \& I8 X6 M% ^4 F
detto
# b) C! o* ^, P5 t% l# @ predire
, b( N9 w4 C2 I4 o; @. ~& N' ?1 T predetto( @$ z, S5 {. D( E- S
dividere/ I$ Q- M- y" t, P# {6 C
diviso: A, f% @& Q' C& p
condividere* P! ~3 R* v |4 [. z' \
condiviso8 c2 t" ], W& C8 Y) [) X, ~
fare
4 k# S$ R% ?- r, X" ]% N0 [3 A( |$ u( r fatto
& l& N1 g" K2 A" a8 E strafare
6 q( P/ L+ D/ F4 j" G z strafatto
2 \2 o3 b8 ?" t E( Y: K leggere0 X( w# N2 T! p- y0 j |2 W
letto" [6 u' i5 Z7 e3 e- k
rileggere k" [+ T+ \1 s% a
riletto
2 B! [0 p! r8 W% F4 n3 \) C porre
R+ q. P6 C4 _, f, V! P2 k posto) J; ?7 {! B' \$ ]/ w
fraporre
- [% ^$ X/ G' M* Q. W0 D- g fraposto
, p( ^$ P" b4 q8 B8 F" } reggere9 s4 H5 u9 N v/ q
retto# h* M, [: w5 S* n' v) F
correggere6 H8 ~" ^! V9 }" M4 X' n; l: i
corretto4 E' Q4 {) R6 B6 d5 ^
rispondere: O+ z' k# Y% [7 w" @& O8 B
risposto3 r9 l; ]$ @" f0 Y6 z+ \; O5 E
corrispondere. L; d9 \( y& {) @" v6 m
corrisposto
$ `8 S% T( [) J. h+ T" C. p rompere
+ v6 M; }* G% u2 F( t1 A" L4 f rotto
: b% |; d5 p7 ^; O corrompere8 s" T. A& x1 i ~; u3 r
corrotto
3 _ P& y+ e! }& y scegliere
: n+ k. g0 y: B scelto2 B( x5 i6 b6 C! F, l5 v
prescegliere
/ N% [" w! \. t) J3 Q prescelto
" N- p" f8 J9 b' u1 A) |) q( @ scrivere
, b" f9 G2 g& I+ Z! \( \ scritto6 d) x. D$ I% {6 r3 z
riscrivere$ e( J' g1 }0 n7 k2 ~( H' T
riscritto
# h0 }$ O, v0 `, Y trarre" Y6 r9 _* X: H* P- ~
tratto
$ K" F# \6 X) R' q2 F& ^3 J ritrarre* E) U2 J9 j9 i% `7 `; F
ritratto- T$ H7 r2 @( E' f) _$ r6 @4 h. B
vincere
& a; O8 X- t; I/ \9 i! O vinto
; t! h( P8 }* }, F0 x% @$ F% s convincere
4 W1 B! K: ]7 |* d convinto% K* _8 x. F+ ?2 F' o/ }
volgere
' z1 n$ V3 W4 {# W! e6 X volto# t4 ~! q+ w; W8 s5 l) [; @
rivolgere
, Z. E5 `8 O$ ^ rivolto0 }% ]7 u$ O% A; I, _4 o) Y
The irregular past participles of many groups of verbs have repeating patterns. For example, the past participle of any verb that ends in -mettere will also end in -messo:
- D9 i1 U# F% [& j7 C& K# g ammettere (to admit, to allow in, to let in)—ammesso
5 A. J( _; ~7 P+ `- } commettere (to commit, to commission)—commesso: d4 @1 n3 X1 z' O7 U L
dimettere (to dismiss, to remove)—dimesso% U) e" J8 C( S+ s6 A) N7 {/ ]
omettere (to omit, to leave out)—omesso; c- h4 n& Z/ _' l4 J0 T* G
rimettere (to remit, to refer)—rimesso
" E- s7 G( |: z1 F Once you recognize the patterns, you'll be on your way to rapidly becoming an esperto of Italian verbs! |
发表于 2012-8-17 13:41:37
