The imperative verb forms are used to give orders or advice, to urge strongly, and to exhort. It is a simple tense—in the sense that it isn't compound—and has only one form, the present. Furthermore, you can address your command only to an informal form of "you": tu or voi, depending on whether you are talking to one or more people. : w$ d3 }8 q5 \- V/ \# x: n( B$ ?
When conjugating a first-conjugation Italian verb, the familiar singular (tu) command is the same as the third-person singular (Lei) form of the present indicative, and the plural voi command is the same as the voi form of the present indicative (see the table below).
9 x/ L, L5 ~$ L# qFIRST-CONJUGATION VERB IMPERATIVES
# g( L, r( c4 D+ TINFINITIVE
, c( S5 n9 x0 J6 [ TU
: A: C3 i4 U& I) t4 L, D' a- v VOI/ a9 j3 M& h# y0 \8 ^3 I/ O
cantare
$ n% b$ j6 p- T7 f. W Canta!
L/ [3 q, W( B- v. S& U Cantate!: `- c/ Q& |5 L6 |7 Z. m
mangiare
1 D& T$ ^6 z! ?2 j& R* ` Mangia!/ w [5 d* B0 t) X, A# b
Mangiate!2 l. D* K6 D* G* p9 J( Q3 H
parlare
+ ]1 b# O1 [ k4 I Parla!
# k& y6 d5 c( o& g7 |* ^ Parlate!; d6 a m# q" c; _, t4 D8 q
The familiar commands for regular -ere and -ire verbs are the same as the tu and voi forms of the present indicative (see the table below).
4 L+ w1 v' ?4 s `SECOND- AND THIRD-CONJUGATION
) d9 ]7 N$ G; K; n% @- pVERB IMPERATIVES
5 l4 `. ~/ n0 ?' ^' O6 ^9 p1 W- D& W: bINFINITIVE
- M, m" ^ J# E; f- r; S3 l) | TU9 W8 @, i. K" }+ K0 w) ^
VOI; g+ V) h/ c* M6 N% D5 I# `0 o
dormire
* Q: V6 h, E; V# g. U% e Dormi!
# I7 Z5 A: K5 O8 E* z% O7 ? Dormite!
/ Q/ w2 K3 u# [) J& s# Jfinire+ ]) I+ }7 G$ W4 U) _+ c7 }
Finisci!# t! p8 t3 g# X4 k: _# ^; t% X
Finite!
9 P D v8 J9 {' | bpulire
% }1 H) H- F: |# J3 c2 _6 k* o% b Pulisci!- e, r) D+ g* ? T
Pulite!
6 i c4 ^) N* u: Q# S$ x$ }salire/ b& _+ k1 y( Y- a8 M
Sali!
0 E3 z5 Y2 `4 m6 Y7 Y! B0 O Salite!$ W W1 V% g; }/ y" a) S* W; g
scrivere
8 U( i. v$ n( g; ~ Scrivi!
% B* {0 ?5 O1 r4 y Scrivete!
' _0 Y3 A- m" u: R4 D0 Dvendere! D0 }" y5 p$ i7 v
Vendi!2 ~# `2 w9 y7 q. _3 m" }7 f
Vendete!3 H) F6 v- j. z/ e
Although the imperative conjugation has a form you're already familiar with, there are some Italian verbs that have irregular forms for the familiar commands in the tu and voi forms (see the table below).
# @: ?/ {! X9 h% B/ h" ~2 qSECOND- AND THIRD-CONJUGATION
: S$ a. Y% k1 [& \8 M6 K+ U$ jVERB IMPERATIVES! b! j: \8 E6 V- L' V1 W& L
INFINITIVE* N1 i) x+ V/ Z6 y
TU
3 A7 b% k+ V/ o. z+ r r VOI
" I/ J0 }- |4 \6 |7 U9 ^andare (to walk)
5 w' z+ a) Z0 H1 d Va'!
' M- e( m8 r# g# L Andate!
# S- X0 d- {3 W! _avere (to have)8 F% n* X8 g& s1 {% I
Abbi!
4 M' M7 v$ E0 E. E( X Abbiate!
5 Y$ Z9 Y" B6 }. q) i0 W% }* vdare (to give)
% b, I: |) g) j2 _# O+ ^ Da'!
: n8 a: x+ ?( t9 D$ v$ p P3 G Date!& d" D) j9 _3 L3 @( J
dire (to say, to tell). e2 R$ e3 G9 w" g
Di'!% z; r$ J4 c+ Y5 L
Dite!) W3 V* X+ c; q1 s2 \
essere (to be)
6 X, n8 w0 }, P2 j9 h' q Sii!) j0 k* i0 _. _% H8 T
Siate!
4 u% v$ f5 T3 E$ D7 f7 Ifare (to make)
& W6 |7 X6 Y" g! Y' [7 [ Fa'!6 z# w5 Z. G1 n# Y' z
Fate!5 P: S" l- |' Z% q3 l9 ~6 h
sapere (to know)
: n+ u0 K9 }* d+ x/ N Sappi!. x8 W! ^4 L! v% q/ ?* Y @
Sappiate!2 c" r7 v) }$ D B4 R
stare (to stay); e: ?; V8 Z& c3 K# |& g0 `" k2 r6 e! w
Sta'!
( {8 `6 s% k) W! k; [ State! |
发表于 2012-8-17 13:41:37
