Need to tell your teacher, supervisor, or the Italian prime minister to do something? Use the subjunctive form of the verb to form the formal commands. The table below contains some examples of formal commands. 0 m! a+ r0 s, B9 t! ?! O" h
FORMAL COMMANDS v6 @) N. E4 h* d0 \
8 o6 t) z+ I+ G* |8 L3 e/ F' DINFINITIVE
8 {1 ^- X+ G! [2 U LEI* _$ Y& Y n5 g% y
LORO
9 Y+ S( q6 \" |2 [8 Q% ^; W) ~4 {7 T 5 G% V: `( {% U- \6 h1 T* m
cantare8 G2 u! N& I, v" r$ S |
Canti!
7 q0 S8 {6 `4 |8 M Cantino!9 j, s6 k; m6 K
# `/ |$ D9 c$ |; ldormire
8 V# Y# l# t% T' F( M6 T Dorma!' q% u/ g$ M. v; Y5 {( J9 c* N
Dormano!; [' Q1 t$ Z5 w0 `0 v- e9 C
) c9 _! w; w0 u2 Cfinire5 J( V/ A+ H* `; p! `4 ]5 c
Finisca!
' R8 ~2 s! H! M1 n6 M Finiscano!6 F+ J% I0 n1 V6 h6 J
( p, o/ a O' B; }/ n
parlare
1 T/ X$ Q. @9 u- d. m2 h/ T6 p# M Parli!
& h3 e" X$ v) n6 S8 V# E% w Parlino!8 q; k% F$ C) ^' ?! e
. o- R( i w @+ }! P$ J; fpartire% e, E. U3 a, ~3 h7 G
Parta!
( A+ ]( X& {# } Partano!
/ ~1 b0 W+ `7 v |( q) i 9 \9 W7 X1 d; x% t# ]
pulire; v8 h# P$ S- b. @ w* b
Pulisca!9 Z: H8 ]: f: Z7 |, N
Puliscano!8 l$ z5 }5 D* T
6 f7 `3 T8 I+ i) l( i+ ?0 G' k- `scrivere
' g; z: E2 C& A4 v; C6 o0 ^ Scriva!" ?9 b0 Y2 p, E4 q% m4 [
Scrivano! Q# L, X l* Y$ N1 X) ^, K
1 O; K$ ^) P" B- `, N Fvendere/ J' J$ Z8 |" u, ?! D& n: y, ~
Venda!
$ X/ S' v/ |4 ]- g/ H2 y8 j Vendano!
Y l# u$ i$ P% i) @4 D
& b; r# }& K) k6 YSome of the verbs have irregular stem changes in the io form. Sometimes, this form is used to construct the imperatives of Lei and Loro. 9 }! i7 T4 ^- R+ _6 n9 C& d4 F
FORMAL COMMANDS: VERBS WITH STEM CHANGES1 D ~; z( y; R1 x# w/ L6 V+ Q0 {
1 S5 b1 d6 L: c" g! h
INFINITIVE
5 I) b# {) z- V$ g5 s5 X PRESENT-INDICATIVE FORM OF IO# M: R: n! L. r Y
IMPERATIVE FORM OF LEI" a R3 l% D8 D( H b
IMPERATIVE FORM OF LORO7 p+ ]# G7 p! T L) g; w
2 \( Q+ n$ u5 p
andare (to walk)
! z+ b0 }( Y1 o$ Y, a9 S! B: [; ] vado
3 o& w4 I" ]1 {" B, T Vada!8 g G8 b1 D* J# G
Vadano!
1 m- S- x# P- E# R4 J 3 u/ b( i8 ?4 h! _) l$ p
apparire (to appear)2 t; t- M. e2 N8 \
appaio
/ e0 [5 f4 ~' q( A* F* H Appaia!* G; p! J1 I9 ?' Q& ?* {
Appaiano!8 B5 }0 h! T1 |: F/ S% v) s# y
( i, n) ^6 I* w3 X' {! V- Wbere (to drink)6 h, t, V( }0 g% {3 R! x
bevo
! e$ U. q+ Y! @# N# ^ Beva!
9 U0 R$ w: j" J8 V' p/ Q( p& ~ Bevano!" H/ q8 e4 Q+ s3 S% j$ `
# D4 b- T9 B2 p1 X8 k0 Ucogliere (to pick, to pluck)1 \7 J+ [+ q4 z* ~" I' K
colgo2 A- _1 V3 u+ [2 v/ [
Colga!( R6 P3 s) J; b# [; J/ L1 q/ |
Colgano!
* F5 l# m4 x* e9 d) `- Q, s/ u
- f0 v0 R7 M- `4 X8 Vdire (to say, to tell). G+ a; @; t' W7 ] g
dico
" B) I: W$ W0 |2 u8 [! ^ Dica!# {8 b* P# b; C4 o
Dicano!" B8 N2 ^/ i4 \( O4 _! A! c
- Z; q( J% Q/ V* l- P! s. S# d
fare (to make)7 a Z/ `! w$ b/ w! _* w& _
faccio
. L W( G C5 R1 G. l0 | Faccia!* e; T1 J& x7 T; W$ z
Facciano!& U o" h% ?* b/ D( o; x
' l% j r, `7 G& Sporre (to place, to put down)
% x7 h" j+ }! y pongo; [# T8 h; ?5 k% `# t6 O" ^
Ponga!
, y5 e1 s6 Z2 w( F; C# ?4 g2 } Pongano!: m, x$ g" X* H8 J
! a( E; Y! |6 [: E u- B) l5 z
rimanere (to stay, to remain)
+ s- J n# @) f1 P rimango+ P' J7 k' m8 X8 X" A5 z
Rimanga!/ g e9 p- |2 B4 _$ k
Rimangano!" Q5 ?; ?% Q6 h6 R! f# a
8 B1 v9 w1 K0 a6 z
salire (to climb)0 o$ Q v) z+ R8 w: z
salgo. q- q0 D5 O$ \6 H3 v, |4 p0 \
Salga!% A/ [% d0 q( r$ t+ r
Salgano!! v9 o: i0 ]* [* c# j) [) G
" N# `, J' X- O$ @% | {, Rscegliere (to choose, to pick)
% {7 @% ? ~0 J( b, U scelgo
% O, V- ~: |! W+ l Scelga!
1 J# A; x& A6 h4 D Scelgano!; b- F) f7 o* y5 K! }8 c
; P0 {1 b! ~, X) }9 h+ Y$ }, [
sedere (to sit down)
. j! h+ H! C2 g; O6 W- H6 O$ i% A7 Y siedo. b, l( i! j' @" S2 [3 Q
Sieda!/ `* d& ?$ `, W* e
Siedano!8 t; i2 X+ P* ?
9 j; r, C. n: n7 Z% G Z: Ysuonare (to play a musical instrument)
# | @: g+ x v1 G7 S* b7 I suono' d2 o6 Y; T% v0 U9 j/ k
Suoni!. `; ]6 d' {' k; g; j3 E: c, D
Suonino!! w( w3 g+ ~+ m2 T" n& ~1 P
5 u/ g3 h4 W7 R% X& ttradurre (to translate)
. I9 D3 J+ a5 I1 I% o! n/ l6 J9 D9 i traduco' m" V1 X2 ]' h/ _% a5 W7 a \+ k. @
Traduca!+ S2 Z! y* s2 ]2 v$ _: [
Traducano!
* v! z9 L$ i) a2 e. H2 p% h K - ^, }4 R* }, v! l
trarre (to draw, to pull)
, V# ?7 r9 V" i8 k) [. h) A8 b traggo
$ ]2 Z+ n( L ^, j6 G* @* N Tragga!( b2 G P2 N! D7 }! a# {
Traggano!( [3 x* G% B2 K( |6 E1 M* q
" P& R. q3 m5 {! u. N2 nudire (to listen)
& ~* p+ W# v* F+ M odo
( S9 g1 i$ V+ V$ J. t+ g8 _ Oda!
! D5 x% r! y3 P1 W" \) K3 d2 e Odano!; P+ _( ^/ M: h& s5 J; f
3 k9 h, v }$ a! U3 Iuscire (to exit)
4 I3 V! Q' G" p6 l6 o5 x esco) H1 d# E7 S& G8 B7 J6 t6 _, L
Esca!
9 c! p( T; F0 _ Escano!
# K9 q4 \0 m0 d8 \0 n# Q0 c+ e
+ J: @! _* y, Z ~0 y% a5 Avenire (to come)+ Y5 q2 F/ \2 Q/ e
vengo
- F9 R) B& S* Y. D5 J: b$ g Venga!
# }7 e1 A# }, ?- j2 T; K Vengano!
% E' @& D' p4 d- j3 g e % y/ ^* B, L/ d' x/ ^# O
Finally, some verbs have irregular formal command forms that are not based on any present-indicative forms, and which you will have to memorize. These verbs are listed below.
& m$ L6 ^8 U( f! P) ^' W7 i& n1 cFORMAL COMMANDS: IRREGULAR VERBS/ K$ w7 x$ w! Y+ h7 ~! I6 L1 P
$ a% Z' |) t0 j8 p& `; l0 k
INFINITIVE! k/ [: j) K! \ m5 D y( v9 f
LEI
- T1 s7 R4 ^- C |" ~7 T6 W$ o LORO1 f: ~+ A$ ?& P* j- D( Z! _: H5 w
+ C# n0 v9 I6 [) H1 n
avere
X, a6 L+ K; e8 F& r7 a Abbia!
Q# k: R+ Q% `& r) j9 w p Abbiano!
0 e- }( l$ U& j" h
7 Q6 F" Y2 ]* H l( t+ f7 ndare
8 ^5 [8 `+ E* ^, v Dia!
# y3 O% q3 `! f6 p- t$ z Diano!( o3 G S6 B0 F1 c# o2 L3 |
, g" q7 D F( H; U
essere
- J6 G$ Y1 o% Z+ u- R% e S& b: T Sia!
5 V% u; b3 A: c; e* k Siano!8 v- K3 y3 A* w8 I4 c
" M2 c% J/ F6 J* h9 k. bsapere
/ N/ B7 }$ n B7 @! _) } Sappia!
% k' }1 ?4 e% t& | Sappiano!
9 i' h, _# L# O$ o/ b% S! [/ \5 A - [ l8 a/ Y2 f6 d
stare4 X8 f* f5 {4 q/ [6 N
Stia!$ r: y- ^" G0 \. d
Stiano$ i, Q* n& Q$ W% I1 S
9 n2 z. Y" U2 b5 W) ONote that the same form of the verb is used for the negative formal commands. |
发表于 2012-8-17 13:41:37
