You probably know that for every professore there is a professoressa, and for every studente there is a studentessa. But how about other nouns of profession, status, or relation that have a male and a female version?
2 ?8 k$ Y8 A+ Z Most masculine nouns ending in -tore become feminine by changing -tore to -trice (see table below)./ s# ]4 Z7 j% W0 u
GENDERED NOUNS: FROM -TORE TO -TRICE
, U: Z( W x5 K& i0 J0 I4 M* z MASCULINE
9 c. }" h! x8 h1 r" { FEMININE
( P) r) p- g7 b( K ENGLISH
* \4 V; K. r! }$ b9 F. `# ]& x attore
; N# {1 ~( b, H' W8 D! m attrice
+ R: ]2 L# N: Q6 p actor$ V8 K2 ^* [4 f* {2 ?( n
autore
% A- e1 W3 f/ V+ }1 w( ?3 w autrice- b' d" q" h+ z0 N. J7 [
author ^7 O2 ^7 ?& m9 ]& w
direttore! G/ F: I! z |% y( |. e
direttrice
& z. ?" D- q4 V) f4 W, J# d! Y director$ Q' y: z5 f( ?5 }& i- M, L
imperatore$ p; c5 |: u+ r' b2 T
imperatrice
/ W' a; S* @" A2 V( j4 R emperor/empress- G$ @4 H8 i5 v9 s+ D
lavoratore
) S' r* Y$ j/ f. f4 c lavoratrice
, @' E# K$ p/ b0 R* c4 _4 u' L worker1 X8 d; S* r$ Z1 x2 k; ^
pittore
, A, c( x! `: Q6 P! T' O0 m$ @ pittrice' i) g( X% v" C- H4 t6 l
painter K+ [1 W6 c" K0 K3 z1 U; v
scrittore
) d' A' v: Q0 f7 \2 r$ F, L scrittrice8 \$ B: ]6 @; I
writer
9 G$ u4 y; Z2 A. c3 s% ? stiratore9 _- R, {. d- x) }' B9 i- W
stiratrice
n4 Q0 G1 o: `9 U( Y; r) E presser
6 R6 H. U* b# H3 i6 H1 u+ Z traditore
) i. h% }$ I8 N( Q traditrice
c! o i% T! |% n, @1 ` X traitor
+ J0 p# p9 R' J4 A6 W5 n: U! C traduttore
9 [4 M' ~0 N1 u# _2 p traduttrice5 ^: I$ p6 B2 a+ L: T+ v2 r
translator/ I0 u0 q2 g0 v: @. z8 I
Some masculine nouns become feminine by changing their final vowel to -a (see table below).# ^# R- W% }2 U; K. F
GENDERED NOUNS THAT GAIN AN -A IN THE FEMININE
' x4 P/ R2 o1 I' z MASCULINE
$ ]4 b; O" ~: m/ z0 w FEMININE
' J+ z: |3 n/ W- @+ q+ q0 M ENGLISH
1 Z7 I1 n0 ? G7 [1 k# Q cameriere
; Q3 U6 ?8 P5 r& e6 O! r cameriera% M. o$ N* | J
waiter/waitress
% Z( m% E( j3 g. @& K L5 i cassiere
3 ?% J& C4 A8 g; B& L/ {2 u' d cassiera
$ W4 p4 z# k( ? M' P bank teller
' Y0 q* J8 B2 B$ ~% U9 C- Y8 E figlio
2 e8 E/ w6 m7 {5 z$ @ figlia, q3 E7 Q. a- x5 N0 U' W
son/daughter
- C- i9 _/ u( @# [7 c: A) f: c% ] giardiniere/ D. B9 \" a I1 ~: w
giardiniera
$ V# P2 A5 ~( L* u+ D, `0 ^: c2 { gardener
& Q; g+ @5 v$ |& e6 M! D6 F infermiere$ u7 a# M: a. |- i' a% Z1 b
infermiera# B5 Q% }& w& F
nurse& L s. x0 U5 g8 P5 H- X; _0 y/ \
marchese; h- ~% ?" j2 q+ V. |2 q* B5 H# N
marchesa
8 _; ] K" a) ^. {5 S! b marquis/marchioness, j' Q3 F: k! z* d! W+ G& Z6 i
padrone
@8 W/ D# j e2 a6 Y# z& ? padrona
% Z/ o) E( {, |' I: \ boss, owner' W( l& r8 Q; y1 t* r
portiere
% N3 N8 w5 H3 }5 c1 v2 R- G portiera5 u7 T h2 O' @( c" T4 D
doorman/doorwoman7 Q3 t0 y) N* ^
sarto- v) M" T. }4 P9 K
sarta3 ^# E5 Q( K% q' A
tailor/dressmaker
* m5 r$ z0 P0 w7 g; e' O signore
3 ]/ P: u0 a' ~) C2 y% T, u signora5 o4 \' A. ~# a: J! t
Mr./Mrs.
. D9 S8 K2 s6 R5 V4 S Take note that there are certain names of professions that end in -a regardless of whether the term refers to a male or a female. In such case, the gender distinction is made by the definite article: il giornalista/la giornalista, il dentista/la dentista. The plurals of these professions follow the same general rule as with any other noun: Plural masculine nouns end in -i (i giornalisti, i dentisi), plural feminine nouns end in -e (le giornaliste, le dentiste). |
发表于 2012-8-17 13:46:23
