1.2 The performance hierarchy As you may recall from paper F1, firms have a planning hierarchy:
§ Strategic planning is long term, looks at the whole organisation and defines resource requirements.
§ Tactical planning is medium term, looks at the department/divisional level and specifies how to use resources.
§ Operational planning is very short term, very detailed and is mainly concerned with control. Most budgeting activities fall within operational planning and control.
Strategic plans will have to be translated into medium term tactical plans, which in turn need to be converted into detailed budgets. Similarly a firm’s mission will be translated into strategic goals, which are then expressed as tactical targets, which again end up as short term operational targets. For example:
§ Strategic plan – to develop new products in response to changing customer needs.来自www.Examw.com
§ Tactical plan – to make use of existing production spare capacity and to train staff to acquire the additional skills required.
§ Operational plan – budgets for the new products to include advertising spend, sales forecasts, inventory policies, etc.
The aim is that if a manager achieves short-term budgetary targets than there is more chance of meeting tactical goals and ultimately success for strategic plans. |
发表于 2012-2-23 17:09:42
