2010年初级护师考试温习：缺水与缺钠

会计考友

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[TD]

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[TD]

[color=#000000>病因]

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[TD]

[color=#000000>病生理]

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[TD]

[color=#000000>临床表现]

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[TD]

[color=#000000>治疗]

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[TD]

[color=#000000>高渗性脱水]

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[TD]

[color=#000000>水分摄入不足或排出过多]

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[TD]

[color=#000000>丧失的水多，细胞内脱水]

[/TD]

[TD]

[color=#000000>轻度脱水]口渴

，中度脱水尿少，尿比重高，高度脱水高热，昏迷。[/TD]

[TD]

[color=#000000>饮水，]重者先输

5%葡萄糖。[/TD][/TR]

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[TD]

[color=#000000>低渗性脱水]

[/TD]

[TD]

[color=#000000>严重吐，泻，烧伤]

[/TD]

[TD]

[color=#000000>丧失的钠多，细胞外脱水]

[/TD]

[TD]

[color=#000000>周围循环衰竭，血压下降后期尿少钠低，重者休克]

[/TD]

[TD]

[color=#000000>补充等渗或高渗盐水。]

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[TR]

[TD]

[color=#000000>等渗性脱水]

[/TD]

[TD]

[color=#000000>急性腹膜炎、肠梗阻，大量呕吐，大面积烧伤]

[/TD]

[TD]

[color=#000000>钠和水等比例丢失]

[/TD]

[TD]

[color=#000000>口渴，尿少，头昏，血压下降]

[/TD]

[TD]

[color=]先等渗盐水再补充葡萄糖。

[/TD][/TR]