第六节 形容词和副词(二)
" _" U% g i6 M! Y5 V0 C/ Q E1 G 一、原级比较的基本用法
' e0 i* ?' ~( x9 W 1. 原级比较由“as+形容词或副词(或再加名词或短语)+as ”构成“原级相同”比较句,表示两者比较;其否定式,即“程度不及”比较句型为“not so(as) +形容词或副词+as”,而且as…as结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的词修饰: t% T& O' E" K9 K% e; d P: F( X
2. “as (so)+名词+as+名词”进行名词比较,这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词,但如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语,应当用so而不用as) ~' V( Y9 V+ u9 d' I! [ ^7 K
二、比较级
& o" ~0 B+ ?2 T9 O4 O 1. 比较级由“形容词(副词)比较级+than+…,”构成表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加…”。连词than后可接句子,也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、ING结构和ED结构,有时也可省去than.
1 }; k; l, m; j$ H: g% m 2. 注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致- m; t- m1 s* @ x
三、最高级
" b, n9 B/ @1 v6 L' H( p 1. 最高级用于三者以上比较,形容词的结构形式是“定冠词+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句”(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等)9 ]8 S+ F1 G0 \, Y% c
2. 副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the
1 N) I4 W6 |# \0 P; b( C 四、同步练习# F5 s0 s' Y1 S! @6 b1 W; a
1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .$ s7 o2 `9 T8 C5 w% M, _
[A] to run for fifteen minutes* U* B( s& f8 W) I7 J
[B] running for fifteen minutes7 a: o9 I& ?5 b
[C] you run for fifteen minutes4 `7 s$ a3 y1 z6 c# f2 J
[D] fifteenminute walking
; ~& G; J. b' R 解析:B为正确答案。
Y2 N7 T( h$ H& x% P2 | 2) The gorilla(大猩猩), while [A] not quite as curious than [B] the chimpanzee(黑猩猩), shows more persistence [C] and memory retention(记忆力) in solving [D] a problem.3 K2 `: i1 S4 c+ ]! J
解析:B错。改为 as ,和前面的as和形容词原形curious 一起构成同程度比较。% Z, ?* @. `0 g2 i
3) Alaska is twice [A] as larger [B] as [C] the next largest [D] state, Texas., ^' o& Z) V# o) S1 T
解析:B错。 改为as large.6 V8 q# s, q: K1 t3 @8 w: U7 }* b
4) Thomas Jefferson's achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician.4 c% L$ v) ^1 z% c. q$ t6 z
[A] such [B] more [C] as [D] than
3 b- N0 ]0 B# `# T' { 解析:C对。动词rival(胜过、匹敌)前后是两个相比较的成分achievements(成果)和 contributions(贡献),由于前面的名词后出现了短语 as an architect,故空白处也应用as,使前后对比成分一致。
1 l6 A3 ~& ?# q c' P% A& F 5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter.) j! k5 B7 G0 R, @
[A] that [B] so [C] this [D] as
$ F4 p; Z N6 e& f$ P9 n 解析:B为正确答案。! K$ X+ a& i6 O+ b3 v {3 z% D
6) Natural mica(云母) of [A] a superior [B] quality is cheapest [C] to obtain than synthetic [D] mica.
; f6 t# K% T: d9 z 解析:C错。应改为比较级cheaper.比较级后并不一定跟接连词than,有时在其间有名词或名词短语(被形容词所修饰),介词短语,不定式或其他成分隔开。
* i8 k5 r8 }& u& |7 |* ], F5 d 7) She is older than .
/ w+ J5 H# x& A& K& f [A] any other girl in the group [B] any girl in the group$ L! u/ \' l$ N9 O# f* e: C1 }
[C] all girls in the group [D] you and me as well as the group6 z" w$ q2 h( K7 g4 Q+ B
解析:A为正确答案。“She”作为单个不能跟全组比(C和D不对),也不能跟全组所有相比,因为“她”也是其中一员,自然“她”不能跟自己相比。这里“She”比较的是“这组中的任何一个”,所以A对。
' ^3 j% _+ Y7 b) ^4 R4 ` 8) Josephine McCrackin joined [A] the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and, until her death fifteen years late [B] , remained [C] active in journalistic [D] work./ \) _$ S6 N$ T& D
解析:B错。应改为比较级later,因此处实为与1905年相比晚15年,故应使用比较级。
0 @% {" k$ T6 _ 9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .* _ O" d2 B6 v' O% k. i0 d
[A] ours [B] with us [C] for ours it had [D] it did for us
* h8 ?, z( ]" t1 x 解析:D为正确答案。
) f$ q+ |: |1 p* | 10) Sound travels air., M( p+ B4 J9 L
[A] faster through water than through [B] faster than through water and$ G" E N4 @ ?& V
[C] through water faster and[D] where it is faster through water than through
' `+ X- c5 |! F% Q 解析:A为正确答案。
9 O# f* b1 c) c6 v- ^! T 11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout, one of Rembrand's pupils, followed [A] the style of his teacher so implicitly that [B] his paintings [C] are sometimes confused with his master [D] . d8 Q, }7 ^9 ]) b* e
解析:D错。 改为his master's.
c9 p K& ~2 k! u& W0 _3 r 12) The more [A] fearsome of all the [B] animals in [C] the Western [D] Hemisphere is the grizzly bear.
5 t1 t: w# w( _% A 解析:A错。 改为most.& x9 m8 ]& _- {/ E
13) Of all economic [A] problems, inflation continues to be [B] a [C] most significant in its daily impact on [D] people and business.
* j( n! s! Q0 `& _ 解析:C错。改为the, significant是多音节形容词,在此处应用最高级形式(在前面加 the most),注意句中的“of all… ”。
3 D# O- Q8 i7 o. B 14) ,the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction.
g! f3 ^1 j4 _/ \- n [A] All the activities [B] The activities
7 w8 P2 y/ `& D2 Q: v3 g) A [C] Of all the activities [D] It is the activities
! c: `5 \% m7 I% b. [ [; n 解析:C为正确答案。本句空白处缺状语,A和B全为名词短语,不符合条件;D为句子,和空白后面的句子没有任何联系,故亦应排除。只有C正确,和后面的最高级the most familiar前后呼应。1 D/ S6 t3 t1 n7 v
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