第十五节 情态动词（二） W) Q! V! m' C
情态动词与完成时的使用
1 w1 d' S& S/ g6 D# n* D$ z+ S 一、must+have+ED分词：用于肯定句，表示对过去情况的一种肯定推测，表示“肯定，一定”. M& ~. |1 |$ \8 L$ u3 b; K
1） It around nine o'clock when I drove back home because it was already dark.! i0 q- L# _+ B% r B8 O- I" d
[A] had to be [B] must have been [C] was to be [D] must be
; ~! |, ~, X1 `) u0 S4 f8 [0 f+ j 2） John's score on the test is the highest in the class；2 `9 t7 M* M7 h, Q( n
[A] he should study last night
/ R; A0 C: R$ I3 Q [B] he should have studied last night# P6 Q& A8 p7 W6 {* \
[C] he must have studied last night( U6 Z$ ?7 O- @
[D] he must had to study last night
- `+ b2 V$ Z8 q: x; V 3） After searching [A] for evidence in the house，the police concluded [B] that the thief must have come in [C] through the window and stole [D] the silver while the family was asleep.
6 t4 U; {( A$ y, l3 c 二、may （might）+have+ED分词：用于肯定句和否定句，表示对已发生事情的不肯定的推测，相当于“可能，大概，”其中might较may 语气更弱，把握更小3 P$ o+ N9 X4 }& J; |. I
She might have gone to see her doctor last week， but I am not sure.
% o* y) i0 M p% B$ E* Y6 j 上星期或许她去看医生了，但我不敢肯定。
" X+ Q% l ?; u5 y, N( i Don't worry， your husband may not have been hurt seriously., d. u/ M5 j/ ~* b* r# ~3 ?
别急，你丈夫也许伤得不厉害。1 w' m4 `4 y0 }/ i1 `8 d h
三、should（ought to）+have+ED分词：肯定句表示过去本应发生的事却没有发生；否定句表示已发生了本不该发生的事。前者可译为“本应，”后者为“本不该”4 U0 W+ I* @+ p8 t. ^
You should have apologized to her for not soon replying to the letter. 你本应向她道歉，说明为什么没能及时回信。（可你没这么做）
& }* ]! f! L; o5 ^( O! V 4） You yesterday if you were really serious about your work.
% R2 Q+ x1 d4 V. M+ p7 W/ C6 L4 ~2 i [A] ought to come[B] ought to be coming[C] ought to have come[D] ought have come
N5 Z- M z9 L* H! R 四、can（not） +have+ED分词- W/ I/ k7 L3 K& P7 l
He is an hour late —— He can have been delayed by fog. Of course，that's a possibility.他迟到了1小时，可能因为大雾而耽搁了。当然这只是可能性问题。% b# m+ Q! ]9 ^" @
The poem can not have been written by her since she was only five years old then.这诗不可能是她写的，因为她那时才5岁。
, a, p( j" |: c' K" D0 H8 s/ Y0 `' } 五、“could+have+ED分词”有时用于表示过去的时间，说明某事可能或不可能已发生；有时可表示过去本来可以做某事，但却未做
4 }3 _) ]& h+ x* W& E I simply can't understand how he could have made such a mistake. 我简直不明白他怎么会犯那样的错误。
+ Z& f: Y! l5 ~; L) S: T& R2 S+ N3 K' m He walked there，but he could have taken a taxi. 他走着去了，可当时完全可以坐出租。
/ p9 I' D( |+ O& L$ s" C “couldn't+have+ED分词”还表示无论如何也不可能或没有做到. Q# ^" M# e+ R; g* `; I" ~
I couldn't have called you. I wasn't near a telephone. 反正我也不可能给你打电话，我附近没有电话。% Z; `$ C4 K3 V
5） “We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday.”“He it.”
- S3 P+ |. x2 O$ ~7 K1 |' z- M. g& B [A] mustn't attended[B] couldn't have attended[C] would have not attended[D] needn't have attended( Z$ }7 Z$ D( `! I
六、needn't+have+ED分词：表示对过去不必做的事情却做了，可译为“其实不必”8 @, I8 [; {+ w0 F% |; U6 P& \
6） You all these parcels yourself.The shop would have delivered them if you had asked a shop assistant.6 j, t7 W+ h5 }2 v5 a0 t
[A] didn't need to carry[B] needn't have carried[C] needn't carry[D] didn't need carry
; T z& T- ^/ }2 k' } 七、used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在否定陈述句中，一般用didn't use to，也可用used not to；在疑问句中用“Did…use to”。used to还可never，often，always等连用。注意used to与be used to的不同，后者表示be accustomed to “习惯于某种状态”，而且跟接名词或ING形式，而used to后接动词原形，试比较. ~6 f1 f3 J! d& B$ h0 T4 h: f
He used to drink. 表示“他过去经常喝酒”而现在不喝了。
* M1 Y) k: Z, n) u$ s7 I: W$ ^3 V He is used to wine （He is used to drinking wine） at each meal.! @3 s- z" J5 _- }
表示“他现在已养成习惯，每顿饭喝点葡萄酒。”/ y1 q/ [4 `" H
八、had better表示“最好……”，后接动词原形，其否定式为had better not+动词原形
! F' E$ X8 O N. d. {" Y You had better not follow his behavior. 你最好不要学他。) _* C' s! K: K; u
九、would rather 意思是“宁愿”，表示选择。它有两种用法，一是在肯定句中后边直接跟动词原形，其否定句是在would rather 后加not，即 would rather not+动词原形；二是它后边可以跟接从句，该从句的谓语动词用一般过去式表示虚拟语气。由于would rather表示选择，它后边可跟接than# x( |- p# H9 f9 g- n
She would rather sleep than talk rubbish. 她宁愿睡不愿闲聊。, {8 Y& L7 E4 v% Z( }6 T7 k+ n
7） “Did you criticize him for his mistakes？”——“Yes，but it.”( k4 x, v6 ?6 f2 L4 c) e N
[A] I'd rather not do[B] I'd rather not doing[C] I'd rather not have done[D] I'd rather not did
# a$ x% I5 }: { k, g* F [注] would rather和had rather都表示“宁愿”，在用法上也没有区别。但如果说would rather与had rather完全一样（Longman Dictionary of Comtemporary English 如是说），这一说法有争议。其实had rather在现代标准英语中几乎已经不用了。这对我们考试来说是比较重要的，因为一般考题作为标准英语是不用had rather的。
5 X* ^( X* W/ F; u4 A. r3 A 十、例题解析
, {9 P! o" j+ _; K& D1 {0 e; P9 { 1） B为正确答案。2） C为正确答案。
7 @( v+ ]/ e- A: {7 ~2 | 3） D错。改为stolen.这里C处和D处是并列的谓语，D处相当于must have stolen.
+ Z; P' f/ _ c3 A 4） C为正确答案。5） B为正确答案。6） B为正确答案。7） C为正确答案。% c. o( A+ @5 V
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发表于 2012-6-25 15:37:02
