第十六节 动词不定式
, p- L. | z5 u8 Z5 @# W7 E 动词不定式的构成与形式
% U/ H0 Z; p6 t 一、动词不定式的概念:动词不定式指由to 加上动词原形(而且只能是动词原形)所构成的一种非限定性动词,但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语1) 、宾语2)、表语3)、定语4) 和状语5)
" _- B, H1 t) @7 @* X 1) education is the principal way of gaining status in a culture that generally stresses achievement,skillfulness,and upward mobility.
% @0 B. {: c9 p) M K) T$ k' i9 U [A] To acquire[B] Acquire[C] Acquires[D] Have acquired
5 I* j& B) j3 t4 O' D% {/ Q 2) We are planning for the entrance examination for postgraduate.
; ~9 l3 Y6 B5 R) t" i [A] registering[B] register[C] to register [D] registered3 y/ c8 m! k5 I: s! _( W7 T6 D
3) The most urgent problem now we are facing is to learn the needed materials for the matriculation of postgraduate.
) \" }$ ~/ X6 E2 ~ [A] make our every effort[B] to make our every effort
4 B5 X$ R& a: T5 ]; R4 @ [C] to our every effort[D] made our efforts' \5 H/ d d+ m7 G4 I
4) -Where should I send my application?7 X& z! ]3 t/ T9 c
-The Personnel Office is the place it to.
$ r& l+ ]+ @8 _* Y# A [A] sends[B] be sended[C] to be sended [D] to send
/ Z# z/ ]+ u2 e9 I$ I9 ?6 q5 ` 5) from others, one should take his promise." \& J- E& B& x
[A] To get confidence [B] To getting confidence
# U2 N6 D) Y" H+ x6 I$ e4 y [C] To get confidences[D] Getting to the confidence
) \9 M/ ^' T& |% ]( K% p 说明:以上五句中的斜体是其动词不定式的附属部分。
4 s. I @( E/ R5 l( B9 ~6 C) ^ 二、动词不定式的构成与形式: 动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性5 _, S7 ?) @: e% n# R. u7 Q. L+ d
动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语[2]和4]中的斜体部分]和状语[5]中的斜体部分].虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为 逻辑主语 .考研题中,语法中所考动词不定式部分包括检测考生是否掌握动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间的一致,其中主要包括它们之间 主动和被动 的关系以及 它们在时间上的一致 ,同时动词不定式还有其否定形式。所有这些涉及到动词不定式的各种形式。现以动词make为例,其形式如下:* t2 o m1 ?. ]1 S3 x
主动形式 被动形式 c# h" Y( o2 z* ], b
一般式 (not) to make (not) to be made5 m7 X$ {1 M! e2 q- u8 @
完成式 (not) to have made (not) to have been made K/ q w$ i8 t, j2 P' I0 V9 Z, R
进行式 (not) to be making
6 `5 O' o p- X$ |3 n 完成进行式 (not) to have been making c( j) Z' V' j4 ?& B- N9 k" Z4 H
6) Some [A] types of naphtha(石油脑) are employed to dissolving [B] rubber [C] and to thin paints and [D] varnish.5 T5 K4 M& |+ \3 \
7) The Statue of Liberty was originally [A] proposed [B] in 1865 to commemoration [C] the alliance [D] of France with the American colonies during the American Revolution.6 T. Y. J; ~) r) a D( ]
8) The purpose [A] of inductive logic [B] is to inferring [C] general laws from particular occurrences [D] .
5 b- `( M6 K+ E, l 三、例题解析
' Y. B* K5 b' j2 Q; S3 N 1) A为正确答案。2) C为正确答案。3) B为正确答案。4) D为正确答案。5) A为正确答案。
$ F$ U/ x$ q# t 6) B错。改用动词原形“dissolve”,不定式符号“to”后只能出现动词原形。2 l: E9 H( L5 c' G
7) C错。改为“commemorate”。8) C错。改为“to infer”,注意句子的主语为“purpose”(目的)。9 [ a4 E% L: h5 h8 L% P8 u
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