第二十节 —ED分词(二)9 \% f! q2 k; o0 X8 z6 y
不定式、-ING分词和-ED分词三者间的关系
, y) @( X' _- t3 g" m6 q3 y: e2 ?- y 一、动词不定式与-ING分词的区别# n I4 I5 ]3 q! r$ g/ ]4 D
1. 作宾语时,-ING分词表示抽象的、一般性或习惯性的和连续性的动作,而不定式则表示某次具体动作,特别是将来的动作
5 _, c! f. ?& h6 d/ U+ x0 o: ^ I like playing football. I would like to play football this afternoon.* J! U; h3 `: |2 m/ R: a" v
1) The school cannot tolerate on exams.
- m) |% v7 z+ S [A] cheating [B] to cheat [C] be cheated [D] being cheated
' }4 e, H7 e+ U2 ~ 2) News of success keeps in.
: ]$ C7 e# d3 k9 u0 g K [A] pouring [B] to pour [C] poured [D] to be pouring
+ f) G- ]+ v1 ~, c/ e5 d 3) Long [A] before the dawn [B] of recorded [C] history, humans celebrated to harvest [D] their crops.
# n, i0 d$ U1 | 2. 作定语时,-ING表示正在进行的动作,用-ING的完成时表示动作的完成;不定式表示未来发生
8 z$ j! V: c5 F- j0 k 4) We were overjoyed at the news of China another man-made satellite.. V' a' Z4 H/ a
[A] having launched [B] to have launched [C] to launch [D] launched* ^% A4 @; d" b! ^! J* t0 V
5) The applicants interviewing [A] are required to [B] bring all the necessary papers [C] two days later [D] .
& i3 a3 |5 c, x7 ?3 P; q* h 6) Sorghum(高梁) leaves [A] occasionally contain [B] enough hydrocyanic acid killing [C] livestock(牲畜) [D] .# P: @. J% u' G4 s
3. 当谓语动词是进行时的时候,用不定式而不用-ING分词作宾语, [+ o' Z' U# J
It's beginning to snow you. It starts raining.
p5 Q! p' K: | I'm considering how to go(where to go, what to do)。 I considered emplying Mr.Wang but- `- p# f/ X# g7 M& v8 N- H, I
decided that Mr.Chen was more suited
; y9 j) k: K8 e' V: f2 f0 x+ b to the job.
3 t6 d4 Q5 P0 G5 U. @ 4. 在remember,forget等词后,如果跟-ING分词,表示-ING分词的动作发生在主要谓语之前;如果跟不定式则表示不定式的动作发生在主要谓语动作之后0 A) e! I1 h% {3 Z1 a7 j6 v
I remember telling her that last night. (“告
; x6 M) H7 W. p$ R* ~% C 诉“发生在”记得“之前) He remembered to tell her that when she
' n/ P/ y- p7 F/ v% v1 n, p/ i came back. (“记得”发生在“告诉”之前)* M7 ^& C, |9 Z5 w
I'm sorry I forgot to give you the message. (主! d8 }) l* |6 R( U$ A% f
语动词表示的动作“忘记”发生在不定式表
. @3 P3 h+ P n, \* C 示的动作“给带口信”之前) Why! I have such a bad memory. I forgot$ B/ `# a! T1 b/ H& U
giving the message last night. (-ING分词) _% G7 c- [& p I
表示的动作“给带口信”发生在谓语动词表" p) G1 N/ K8 ?2 y9 ~3 D2 N/ L; I/ O
示的动作“忘记”之前)3 X L* y' E! b4 L+ |# Q* a2 [
5. stop, go on和leave off之后跟接动词不定式和-ING分词所表达的意义有所不同7 ^: c9 m2 H& z5 ?- c& J
They stopped (talking) to work. [停下(其他动作)来工作], K. X% x' }4 d& v
They stopped working. [停下工作(来干其他动作)]
1 u& U- ]9 ^' G; W& c Workers went on discussing the problem. [工人继续讨论这一问题]# ~0 G* F6 f% L) _& y: |# U1 {: _6 k
Workers went on to discuss the problem.[工人们停下来其他事,继续讨论这一问题]7 }) C0 w6 ?4 b8 x
He left off writing.[他停下写作(去干其他事)]
# p) z9 v6 K4 _) ^, P8 V8 P3 v He left off to write.[他停下(其他事)来写作]
; _7 h. O2 S* ? 6. … used to后跟不定式和-ING分词,后跟不定式有两种情况:一种是used to是固定用法表示“过去经常干……”;另外一种情况是use的被动词态“be used”后跟不定式;后跟-ING分词的情况有一种,那就是当used to中的used是形容词时,to后跟名词或-ING分词
# |! D" k5 f2 f; s! ?" ~% B3 q 7) When he was in the plastic plant, he together with the workers.0 N* i( b O' Q- q5 W2 {) z
[A] has worked [B] had worked [C] had been worked [D] used to work0 r; z# i1 V* @( e( B: o/ n! G+ y# p
8) You will soon this climate and then the changes in temperature will not affect you.$ r5 D3 B7 ~) i, f0 ]6 }
[A] get used to[B] get to[C] get over[D] get on with- r' w; q0 w z6 O
9) Mr. Anderson used to jogging [A] in the crisp morning [B] air during [C] the winter months [D] , but now he has stopped.
% ^$ _9 b+ j7 v& ~' ~# s 7. 一般情况下,for后边跟接there to be,而of后边则跟接there being7 s9 g1 z& \3 G3 N/ Z+ P D
10) It is fairly common in Africa for there an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping, singing, or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound./ b% H/ y) ~) S" e- ?' P( t5 A) \
[A] to be [B] being [C] to have been [D] having been" U! Y% i# Y6 L" C6 [
8. be+形容词后面要跟动词不定式作状语,而不用-ING; E- r; y" ]$ C! H/ W1 ^
It is very difficult to manage the company. |