2011成考高起点英语语法归纳与练习20

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第二十节 —ED分词（二）
( R* ?& `0 o. k' u$ j5 X* p& P    不定式、-ING分词和-ED分词三者间的关系
    一、动词不定式与-ING分词的区别
3 ]& n9 I$ i& E$ s; t8 D    1. 作宾语时，-ING分词表示抽象的、一般性或习惯性的和连续性的动作，而不定式则表示某次具体动作，特别是将来的动作
7 W( k; ~- a) M* w/ i% |    I like playing football. I would like to play football this afternoon.
  H) }4 I3 _* k- d  y& i    1） The school cannot tolerate on exams.
    [A] cheating [B] to cheat [C] be cheated [D] being cheated
    2） News of success keeps in.
. T8 F: _7 Y( P$ s2 X; U! f    [A] pouring [B] to pour [C] poured [D] to be pouring
6 ?& S5 h" _( M9 a    3） Long [A] before the dawn [B] of recorded [C] history， humans celebrated to harvest [D] their crops.
& p# s8 A7 q. ?- M    2. 作定语时，-ING表示正在进行的动作，用-ING的完成时表示动作的完成；不定式表示未来发生
    4） We were overjoyed at the news of China another man-made satellite.
' }3 {7 G  Y+ W* O4 u$ o8 i    [A] having launched [B] to have launched [C] to launch [D] launched
4 ]/ j  M8 s; T6 i$ p7 z    5） The applicants interviewing [A] are required to [B] bring all the necessary papers [C] two days later [D] .
    6） Sorghum（高梁） leaves [A] occasionally contain [B] enough hydrocyanic acid killing [C] livestock（牲畜） [D] .
    3. 当谓语动词是进行时的时候，用不定式而不用-ING分词作宾语
    It's beginning to snow you. It starts raining.
    I'm considering how to go（where to go， what to do）。 I considered emplying Mr.Wang but
! W2 ?; y: D* b5 {: }    decided that Mr.Chen was more suited
+ y  n. |8 y6 o+ {/ z    to the job.
& P. A9 b. p: H$ [& w' b    4. 在remember，forget等词后，如果跟-ING分词，表示-ING分词的动作发生在主要谓语之前；如果跟不定式则表示不定式的动作发生在主要谓语动作之后
    I remember telling her that last night. （“告
3 J1 Z9 r+ L! V  R    诉“发生在”记得“之前） He remembered to tell her that when she
0 z2 h  D8 s+ I( \; x) V    came back. （“记得”发生在“告诉”之前）
    I'm sorry I forgot to give you the message. （主
    语动词表示的动作“忘记”发生在不定式表
    示的动作“给带口信”之前） Why！ I have such a bad memory. I forgot
- v% Z5 G) @5 g. C. K  @    giving the message last night. （-ING分词
    表示的动作“给带口信”发生在谓语动词表
" m/ l% N. o" @3 [  a0 C. h% s, o    示的动作“忘记”之前）
% G/ Z+ Z9 E$ x5 M    5. stop， go on和leave off之后跟接动词不定式和-ING分词所表达的意义有所不同
    They stopped （talking） to work. [停下（其他动作）来工作]
2 q2 C% N, P3 L. F$ A& J    They stopped working. [停下工作（来干其他动作）]
    Workers went on discussing the problem. [工人继续讨论这一问题]
    Workers went on to discuss the problem.[工人们停下来其他事，继续讨论这一问题]
, f0 {( Q! H+ z4 @7 w    He left off writing.[他停下写作（去干其他事）]
    He left off to write.[他停下（其他事）来写作]
    6. … used to后跟不定式和-ING分词，后跟不定式有两种情况：一种是used to是固定用法表示“过去经常干……”；另外一种情况是use的被动词态“be used”后跟不定式；后跟-ING分词的情况有一种，那就是当used to中的used是形容词时，to后跟名词或-ING分词
# X6 X) o0 Y7 p    7） When he was in the plastic plant， he together with the workers.
    [A] has worked [B] had worked [C] had been worked [D] used to work
9 W, T. S$ }: A) {    8） You will soon this climate and then the changes in temperature will not affect you.
; {7 N5 n4 R: w    [A] get used to[B] get to[C] get over[D] get on with
6 |3 P* H. T# H" M# c# b1 W    9） Mr. Anderson used to jogging [A] in the crisp morning [B] air during [C] the winter months [D] ， but now he has stopped.
    7. 一般情况下，for后边跟接there to be，而of后边则跟接there being
6 x5 k8 r# P+ S* o    10） It is fairly common in Africa for there an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping， singing， or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound.
# E% ^8 k4 }& {& ]8 T8 M) G# ^# f    [A] to be [B] being [C] to have been [D] having been
    8. be+形容词后面要跟动词不定式作状语，而不用-ING
    It is very difficult to manage the company.