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[考试辅导] 解读同等学力申硕间接宾语前的介词用法

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发表于 2012-7-3 12:10:56 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
1、主语+动词+直接宾语(物)+介词to+间接宾语(人)。例如:I gave the gel pen (中性笔) to Jack. 若把间接宾语提前,则可省去介词to,即:I gave Jack the gel pen. 能用在这种结构中的动词除give以外,常见的还有如下动词:bring、do(给予、带来)、hand、leave(in a will 遗留)、lend、offer、owe、pay、pass(=hand)、play(an instrument/a piece of music)、present(呈现)、promise、sell、send、show、sing、take、tell(=inform, narrate)、throw(抛给),write等等,再如:I offered the umbrella to Bill = I offered Bill the umbrella. They sent $50 to Mr. Smith= They sent Mr. Smith $50.
; r( A* z" K1 G; B* n2、主语+动词+直接宾语+介词for+间接宾语。例如:I‘ll get a ticket for you. 若把指人间接宾语提前,则可省去介词for.即:I’ll get you a ticket. 能用在这种结构中除get以外,常见的动词还有:bear(生育)、book、buy、close、cook(bake、boil、fry、etc)、fetch、find、keep、knit(编织)、leave(保留=keep)、make、open、order(定购)、reserve(=keep)、save(=keep) 、spare(匀出、出让),等等。再如:She made a toy for her son=She made her son a toy. Tom fetched some chalk for her=Tom fetched her some chalk.
+ O* v: s  d- }5 M; ^, O2 X% ?7 @3 U! n3、间接宾语不宜提前,即介词不可省略情况。
2 x5 \$ a; Y% s& X& U- s(1)间接宾语被一个短语或从句修饰,例如:We kept seats for everyone You have to show your pass to the man at the door who is wearing a red armband.  考试大(2)直接宾语是人称代词it或them. 例如:He showed them to their parents. She made it for her son.若间接宾语也是人称代词,有时也可将间接宾语提前而省略介词to,例如:I sent him it. She gave me them.但含有介词for的结构不可这样省略。例如:一般不说:She made him it.  应说:She made it for him.
$ e" B# H- k: e: Q& s; [. @+ A% u4、间接宾语提前,介词to也不可省略情况。例如:He explained what had happened to me.→ He explained to me what had happened. 类似的动词常用的还有acknowledge(承认),announce、complain、confess(供出)、demonstrate、depict(叙述)、describe、dictate(口述)、disclose、express、hint、introduce、mention、point out、relate、repeat、report、submit(提交)、say、shout、suggest等。再如:The girl reported to the policeman what she had seen in the street. She acknowledged to her teacher that she was to blame.& \9 Q4 |5 P7 ~% y& v
5、间接宾语习惯上需放在直接宾语之前,不用介词。例如:I envy you your fine garden.  我羡慕你的漂亮的花园。6 r, ?$ E  f! a
That will save us a great deal of trouble.  那将省去我们很多麻烦。
1 L% K2 V0 \4 s& j: J# d9 ePlease forgive me my rudeness.  请原谅我的粗鲁。) ]# g) e0 _0 @7 O, T1 _: W" }
I asked him a question.    我问了他一个问题。
% q- h) L% u" s4 z0 gHe struck me a heavy below.    他重击了我一下。3 Z/ Q4 ^  r. [& P" r% H; Q& v) w; o
比较下面这个句子:We all called him a liar.  这句中call后带的是复合宾语。复合宾语和双宾语在结构上有着相似之处,在学习时应注意两者的区别。1 t. g, A7 ^0 r* G) Q# B
6、间接宾语前用介词to或for均可,但有时意思不同。例如:He played Mozart to Mary.    他为玛丽演奏了莫扎特乐曲(演奏给玛丽听)。2 Y' e8 x" X% C1 v3 N
He played Mozart for Mary to us.     他替玛丽为我们演奏了莫扎特乐曲(替玛丽演奏)。% z- J' ?9 O6 Z2 O2 M3 f
类似的动词常见的还有sing、 read、mail、 teach等。/ q$ x8 k4 o5 P- u4 v
推荐阅读:) X2 m4 E* G6 n5 S# B  V, x# \
同等学力申硕日语作文常见三种题型及应对策略
% ^, p) u6 k& ~同等学力申硕英语历年考点汇总! n) i. R2 a. q
2012年同等学力申硕考试英语写作常用句型
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