a我考网

 找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

扫一扫,访问微社区

查看: 142|回复: 0

[英语] 考研英语语法重难点精解(17):动词(四)

[复制链接]
发表于 2012-7-20 22:31:03 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  (三)情态动词+完成时1 w! x' J  n1 g# F7 b, X
  1. must have done表示对过去的肯定推测“一定发生了”。
* t- f% d/ e; c- U# B  例句: My pain must have been apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:“Are you feeling all right?” (1996年第2题)" M+ v/ y* M0 W) I
  分析: 该句是复合句,the moment后引导一个时间状语从句;定语从句I met前省略了关系代词whom。
" f5 v9 p# r; e4 g" [/ ~  译文: 当我走进房间时,我的疼痛一定很明显。因为我遇到的第一个人就同情地问我: “你还好吧?”2 m* i- J4 @! K' [0 n( v
1 w. ^- {4 }3 j7 s1 b- I
  2. cant have done表示对过去的否定推测“一定没发生”。% e, X4 C9 `' N7 V# @% V! S' p
  例句: You cant have seen him in his office last Sunday; hes been out of town for several weeks.
. |/ w( _6 H- l. S  分析: 该句是并列句。. o9 e- P1 |) C$ s0 |2 D
  译文: 你上周日不可能在办公室见到他,因为他已经离开本镇好几个星期了。
- L: R/ x, _  n$ U4 |% S: |* y0 q$ y* H# D! Q
  3. could/may have done表示对过去的肯定推测,语气弱于must have done“很可能发生了”。% _- C# [( ?0 R0 z( ?- C9 m
  例句: Nelson could have won the game, with a little more training and a better manager。
+ A5 D6 Y3 i5 z  分析: 该句是简单句,with a little more training and a better manager相当于一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句,即: If he had had a little more training and a better manager.
& d3 w1 J2 D% s+ f  译文: 如果尼尔森再多加强训练,再有一个好的教练,他就能赢得比赛。
: q% k9 D6 ~0 O8 O: W3 N7 A  例句: The current state of affairs may have been encouraged—though not justified—by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. (选自2007年Text 4)
8 y: |# M( D  B; P& L0 z3 \3 \  分析: 该句是复合句,though not justified的完整形式应是though it is not justified,其中it指代破折号前所叙述的内容。/ E: ~1 D' ]4 u) ]
  译文: 目前此事的状况可能会被激化,虽然不合理,因为(在美国而不是欧洲)缺乏对信息泄露的法律制裁。$ u; q! Y9 M" D0 Z9 f* M: Y

7 H; }  i0 O4 `/ Q' J7 m0 {5 D  4. couldnt have done表示对过去的否定推测,语气弱于cant have done,肯定意味强些,表“可能没发生”。
! t& x# S' a: q0 D6 {  例句: He couldnt have been robbed in the street last night, in that he was with me the whole night.# z5 c) P* \4 H- o: w
  分析: 该句实际是一个复合句,其中短语in that为连词,引导原因状语从句。/ L) O( r: }. T
  译文: 他昨晚在街上不可能被抢劫了,因为整晚他都和我在一起。
& Z! H, F7 c5 S! a/ A* w+ t
8 I" b) v/ S1 U  S# a# t( Z3 {% r  5. would have done用于与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中,表假设。
( X3 w0 ~' @4 h, d; c  例句: The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution”, including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation. (选自2008年Text 4), t7 O  K$ b& m0 g4 I+ i8 t: u0 `9 m
  分析: 该句的谓语形式是虚拟语气,without引导的介词短语作其条件状语;that引导了一个定语从句修饰clause。
9 q3 K7 _* o& G* N; P9 m  译文: 如果对“特殊体制”没有保护措施的话,南方诸州是不会签署宪法的。“特殊体制”中包括一个议会代表席位的条款,即一个奴隶得按3/5的人头计算。& V6 v6 }+ L+ B* u( B
  例句: A safety analysis would have identified the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done. (1996年第6题)# F. ]! P2 j3 U
  分析: 这是两个并列句,根据后个句子可以得知这份安全分析从没有做过,所以前个句子是对过去事实的一种虚拟假设。/ b9 D9 t! F; b4 B* N
  译文: 安全分析本可以鉴别出预定目标是个潜在的危险。不幸的是,从未做过这种安全分析。1 J& l. |& e, L& m% `- N
  例句: Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. (选自2006年Text 3)  w4 @# G0 y8 m
  分析: 该句是复合句,在主从句中都隐含了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,分词短语leading to an underestimate of fish stocks...在句中作状语表示结果。% i3 ]1 {4 m3 u2 l: J
  译文: 个别的鱼没有被捕捉,是因为没有可用来捕捉它们的带饵的钩,这就导致了过去对鱼类资源的低估。
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

Archiver|手机版|小黑屋|Woexam.Com ( 湘ICP备18023104号 )

GMT+8, 2024-4-30 13:53 , Processed in 0.154278 second(s), 21 queries .

Powered by Discuz! X3.4 Licensed

© 2001-2017 Comsenz Inc.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表