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[英语] 考研英语语法重难点精解(34):不定式(2)

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发表于 2012-7-20 22:31:03 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  三、不定式的逻辑主语% N9 _+ t0 T! v: n  R
  不定式的逻辑主语表明不定式或不定式短语的动作发出者,以下三种情况是不定式的逻辑主语。
  Y1 U  {, ~/ L$ E; I+ l' }4 R2 q  (一)句子主语
$ }0 M" K1 B4 {4 W9 J9 n' t  例句 : There may be more matches in the database;job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them—and they do. (选自2004年Text 1)
. a$ C$ \3 k/ ?' G  H- V  分析: 该句是三个并列句。第三个分句表示强调,完整形式应是they do visit the site again。$ Q" M% O( A5 F1 Z, A8 D
  译文: 数据库可能还有更多匹配的职位,求职者将不得不再次访问网站——他们也确实这样做。0 U- H7 w8 {" V$ ~
  (二)句子宾语! K- Q9 T2 \1 o$ |0 [
  例句: From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.
6 V0 X( h4 _/ l0 R. j  (选自2004年Text 4)! [& W7 `. V9 B! C" w4 z# K7 k
  分析: 该句是复合句。says Hofstadter作插入语,that smells of elitism是修饰anything的定语从句。
, t$ s) ~' f7 `: [  译文: 霍夫斯坦特说,自美国历史之初,(美国的)民主化和大众化冲动就驱使着(美国人)排斥一切精英文化的东西。0 a3 `, V9 Z3 I" L
  (三)由for+名词(或代词宾格)引出+ @/ j" K' S4 p6 T
  例句: If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. (选自2002年Text 1)
! Y! A9 K. ~7 v+ U& S  分析: 该句是复合句。主句为and连接的两个并列句you will be in...all of you和itll be appropriate...in ties,第一个定语从句which you are addressing修饰group,另一个定语从句which are common to all of you修饰experiences and problems。
+ Z* a( m+ e$ \8 @% `  Z  译文: 如果你是你的听众群体中的一员,你就会了解你们所有人的共同经历和问题,你就可以随心所欲地评论食堂的饭菜难吃,或是评论领导选领带的品位极差。6 v6 `4 _* P8 V2 P+ u
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  四、不定式的否定式
% \% d6 y% ?' Q7 i7 Y3 J3 D  不定式的否定式常在不定式前加否定词not。. B4 h* g5 |& Q+ `2 V5 q
  例句: But big dams tend not to work as intended. (选自1998年Text 1)0 |5 v) n9 X: Y) m. |7 O4 z+ p0 e
  分析: 该句是简单句。as intended在句中作状语,其完整形式为as they are intended,they 指代dams。; t- c+ q) m, T# W
  译文: 但是,巨型水坝往往不像设计的那样发挥功效。
5 B$ o( `1 x0 ]/ O+ a  例句: They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child.% b# X* C3 y3 L4 t( p  U3 N! E$ D  }
  (选自2007年Part B)) F$ u, ?6 \/ X) x  |
  分析: 该句是简单句。) }. p' K7 I# o6 h$ d& G
  译文: 他们必须避免表现出对自己的孩子感到失望。6 G* W- H2 Q/ R+ F& W

8 [. a1 k! H' ^8 s1 `  五、接不定式作宾语的动词' m% ]4 S) N6 X/ b; |- v
  afford, agree, arrange, ask, attempt, claim, choose, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, endeavor, expect, guarantee, pretend, happen, hope, learn, mean, intend, manage, offer, plan, prepare, want, refuse, promise, resolve, seek, strive, swear, threaten, undertake, volunteer, help, wish, fail等。
, q6 `( S$ y/ k& h* v, Y2 Q( g3 d  例句: Even when homeless individuals manage to find a shelter that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day wandering the street. (选自2006年Use of English)4 Z! F" i; a: b5 _. [
  分析: 该句是复合句。定语从句that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night修饰a shelter。主句中包含spend...(in) doing句型。) C- Z3 q  d5 P* P$ ~' U; t5 q1 p
  译文: 即使无家可归人员能设法找到一个临时的避身之处,一日三餐齐全,晚上有睡觉之地,但仍有很多人每天大部分时间流落街头。3 P: \0 Q& l" [' Y
  例句: Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, reorder, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines." Y' h2 @; T2 q3 h- \$ Y/ `
  分析: 该句是并列句。从句并列六个谓语动词,主句并列四个宾语。
) a- g1 Y4 V) V2 {( |  译文: 智力力图理解、把握、排序和调节,而学识力求审视、沉思、探究、理论、批评和想象。
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