不同词序带来的不同语义 在中文里,词序非常重要;两个字的秩序不同,意思也不同。例如“东西”和“西东”,前者是“things”,后者是
x6 D l0 m! P" A* y “everywhere” ——“各奔西东”。再如“女儿”和“儿女”,前者是“ daughter(s)”,后者是“children”。+ H# ^" t& x- ^, q9 o; z
英语的词序虽不像中文那样富有语义上的变化,但也很重要,绝对不容忽视。有时,一字一词方位的改变,全句的意思可能
V1 M( Y4 r1 u5 m “牵一发动全身”,跟着受影响。
' w7 e! a7 I; h8 k8 ]/ T/ [+ ] 下面便是些好例子:
" c) A2 ^" d% d& H5 u8 b ① Even the government officers admitted that some tax measures were
! H3 B s) `. S5 m- J" o) n unfair.0 q3 K/ }* D% I# ^
② The government officers admitted that even some tax measures were$ K; C$ L9 A* l9 S" p
unfair.4 d1 u7 \" {# S! r! e
第一句的意思是:每个人,包括政府官员,都承认有些税务措施不公平。第二句的意思是:政府官员承认,许多事情,连税务: R) z# e) a4 y) n% W; j$ x
措施在内,都不公平。前者焦点在“人”;后者则在“事”。! @0 m6 y" R# e4 A3 P: q! |
③ The couple don‘t have much money to spend on their foreign trip.
4 }1 d- P" e6 \2 ~2 j/ c& O' c: q ④ The couple don‘t have to spend much money on their foreign trip.
+ B7 \0 c8 U' }0 ] 第三句说“钱不够用”;第四句却说“不必多用钱”。“没有钱可花”和“有钱不必多花”,呈强烈对照,词序的影响,由此
5 I7 b8 r$ U1 f5 j( _ 可见一斑!
: ^$ S/ F: ~! g2 h# s' X ⑤ The committee as a whole pointed out that the world economic6 P) K9 f; D g
situation had improved.8 o2 u% B1 a' @/ R2 i/ q- h
⑥ The committee pointed out that the world economic situation as a/ r* r, u/ C( Y# S
whole had improved.
3 b- O& X2 N! E! d 第五句指的是“全部的委员”;第六句却影射“整体的经济局势”。同样一个片语,
% o4 L! ]4 Z Q1 m3 M 所指有所不同。
$ Y+ o$ Y1 [3 p+ ^: S" e# J ⑦ In vain did David try to prevent the job from being done.
5 k. `& v1 N0 t ⑧ David tried to prevent the job from being done in vain.1 x0 V) K: u) ^5 H1 L$ a
⑦里的“in vain”(无结果)指的是大卫的行动;⑧里的不是指人的行动,而是指“在进行中的工作”。5 E' p5 y+ r9 g) |
⑨ Approaching the shop, Helen noticed two strangers.4 `6 L4 v6 k: f& Y1 d- ~
⑩ Helen noticed two strangers approaching the shop.- |3 q; d- P! C, z+ F- ~' Q
⑨里讲的是“海伦走向银行时,注意到两个陌生人”;⑩里指的是“两个陌生人走向银行时,引起海伦的注意”。$ O9 v9 k4 \( g5 S
(11) I may visit a sometime lecturer of English language.; l/ i. I z) S A" w
(12) I may visit a lecturer of English language sometime.# w6 K) B- O/ ]2 E- }
(11)里的“sometime”是形容词,意思是“以前的”;(12)里的“ sometime”是时间副词,意思是“某时候”。前者可以改
! p4 e% D$ q/ P6 k$ j! G* a 成“former ”或“previous”;后者就要变为“at a certain time”了。
9 A7 C. z# _ x" V 最后,请问下列二词,哪个是“防暴警察”?哪个是“警察暴动”?+ h. b2 l. N- ]/ E- d
A: RIOT POLICE* P. w+ D& u# V- h7 ?
B: POLICE RIOT8 @7 v1 u( S. J; C5 u
Answer: A 防暴警察 |