3)现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语,如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in 等连用, 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语,如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever,
, e) K) ^; c/ P% S1 z- P; @8 a" o6 W never等连用。例如:
1 T2 x H$ O! ]. e7 u! e- A7 l She has already come. 她已经来了。 * I: Q) A, ~' f6 O
I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。 6 B8 ^* V) Y( |& G t6 K
I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。 + V9 ?( g. E; z. a3 U
Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。 4 p, U7 n0 l9 ]! F$ w
I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。 y& L0 o# b% [2 N9 M+ R3 |! N/ c
They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。 ; N' z9 d5 W& @/ Z
I haven’t seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。 6 w, l3 ?- |" g" F7 |/ y( R) U
翻译练习: 1 H( i. |& R: Y! C6 Y' h
1)他们已经答复了我们的信。
; f1 W7 V& W( s J& d2 o& j They have already answered our letter.
2 H) x$ `5 w* @) F7 | 2)自去年以来我就未遇见过王英。 - {0 |* l; r" `
I haven’t met Wang Ying since last year.
" @' r7 @4 |# A2 [4 u4 R- `; P( _ 3)他刚把他的名字告诉我。
6 [4 x3 o& V8 O* K8 |4 n He has just told me his name. . |- ?; G& e( H
4)你到过杭州吗? 到过。我一个月以前去过那里。我去过两三次。 9 Q' c0 r7 f: `
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? Yes, I have. I went there a month ago.
1 |' g; v6 _2 }: p. g6 U I have been there two or three times. ( M. ^+ x- G* R+ F, S1 W
5)他在海外住了很长时间了。
2 D4 l Y6 n1 F0 q6 A9 t He has lived abroad for a very long time.
( u8 k" ^% M e( e! R 4、现在完成进行时
6 \. ~/ d' e. }; V; C, z& O (1)构成:第三人称单数由has been + 动词的现在分词;其他人称和数由have been + 动词的现在分词。 ; {& F! \* |. A7 N9 s( l
(2)用法:
7 _! p# _0 S0 w# A5 A4 F; X 1)表示动作从过去开始一直延续到现在,可能刚刚终止,也可能仍然在进行。 0 z; l/ f3 x6 k/ N
I’ve been waiting for you since eight o’clock in the morning. 我从早上8点钟一直在等你。 7 a7 Y0 y7 p! d4 Y2 P
It has been raining for three hours. 雨一直下了三个小时了。
: C. D* d) D; x& e' z3 I; P+ l# d What book have you been reading recently? 最近你一直在读什么书?
% R( l2 G- @7 C% g2 X# W; ]/ f 2)有些动词不能用于现在进行时,如be, have, like, love, know, see, hear等,这些词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时。如: 1 ^! k% A* B+ m9 V+ ] W* a4 S1 v
I haven’t seen you for ages. 我好久没见到你了。
- i5 \$ n7 u6 s8 @ I have loved her for a long time. 我一直爱她。 Y: g% u. U7 M/ y/ N
I have known him for a long time. 我认识他很久了。 ) {6 d4 j: B1 K6 s! R
3)现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成的动作,强调结果;而现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性,强调“一直”,往往表示动作仍未结束。如: : c$ v4 p- P V& U1 F
I have been reading this novel. 我一直在读这本小说。(我仍然在读)
, [/ J/ n( D& x+ F# O" F. C! @$ P, x I have read two novels. 我已读过两本小说。(可能刚读过,也可能很久以前读的) 7 t4 K0 G; N, ]9 w
I have been writing letters. 我一直都在写信。
1 V0 Q4 ^6 h# d# A8 t7 \5 Z I have written three letters. 我已经写完三封信了。
4 r' l9 k% N! ?) k Now we have cleaned the room, we can move the things in. 既然我们已经打扫完房间,我们可以把东西搬进来了。
9 O7 }$ W; _" l* { We’ve been cleaning the classroom, but we haven’t finished yet. 我们一直在打扫教室,但还没干完。 |