大学英语四级考试：语法笔记7

会计考友

　　3)现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in 等连用， 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语，如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever,
never等连用。例如：
　　She has already come. 她已经来了。
# I/ ^- R. A6 a8 ?' G　　I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。
2 |& u0 v+ S, Y　　I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。
　　Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。
　　I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
　　They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。
: E- p. R! q: c; b9 c' k/ h% C　　I haven’t seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。
( B) `# ^3 k+ E　　翻译练习：
　　1)他们已经答复了我们的信。
　　They have already answered our letter.
　　2)自去年以来我就未遇见过王英。
* q+ q9 G# }# e* S' o) L  N) q　　I haven’t met Wang Ying since last year.
　　3)他刚把他的名字告诉我。
　　He has just told me his name.
" ]; X4 F  f1 I3 T4 j5 @8 E　　4)你到过杭州吗? 到过。我一个月以前去过那里。我去过两三次。
; X2 o  q/ h6 l& }3 v　　Have you ever been to Hangzhou? Yes, I have. I went there a month ago.
　　I have been there two or three times.
　　5)他在海外住了很长时间了。
9 D5 {1 m3 d( P! K　　He has lived abroad for a very long time.
+ D4 ?2 H( G# Z# `! x, m　　4、现在完成进行时
3 \  Z4 d- z3 V" \5 w! F　　(1)构成：第三人称单数由has been + 动词的现在分词;其他人称和数由have been + 动词的现在分词。
　　(2)用法：
　　1)表示动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，可能刚刚终止，也可能仍然在进行。
　　I’ve been waiting for you since eight o’clock in the morning. 我从早上8点钟一直在等你。
  k- H1 M; t% |& s　　It has been raining for three hours. 雨一直下了三个小时了。
/ ~9 l# ?# N/ v8 M+ Y5 D( t　　What book have you been reading recently? 最近你一直在读什么书?
　　2)有些动词不能用于现在进行时，如be, have, like, love, know, see, hear等，这些词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时。如：
　　I haven’t seen you for ages. 我好久没见到你了。
　　I have loved her for a long time. 我一直爱她。
* @& C1 m; K# |9 f　　I have known him for a long time. 我认识他很久了。
　　3)现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成的动作，强调结果;而现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性，强调“一直”，往往表示动作仍未结束。如：
　　I have been reading this novel. 我一直在读这本小说。(我仍然在读)
　　I have read two novels. 我已读过两本小说。(可能刚读过，也可能很久以前读的)
! B5 p9 Q. S, [: o- q- s　　I have been writing letters. 我一直都在写信。
' s: V2 j5 ?& n+ z( m　　I have written three letters. 我已经写完三封信了。
$ f/ i+ z) t! K) e( n: k　　Now we have cleaned the room, we can move the things in. 既然我们已经打扫完房间，我们可以把东西搬进来了。
3 J# _# u# M* d* ?8 V4 c　　We’ve been cleaning the classroom, but we haven’t finished yet. 我们一直在打扫教室，但还没干完。