翻译练习: + K0 Q/ C! R s
1)你整个早晨在学习什么?
5 ` v: G, ], J/ B& L7 q What have you been studying all the morning?" A( l. Z5 P! T# k: d, b5 Y
2)你已经参加过期末考试了吗?
/ ]7 J) V- ~( }/ L: {# w2 N Have you taken your final examination?
# Y4 u5 K. I1 _# {) }" U 3)学生们一直在为高考准备功课。3 i& k& e# U" C
The students have been preparing their lessons for the college entrance examination.9 n- s8 ] w9 a
4)我们从小就认识。7 n' v$ d: d: l1 |8 j( @. _
We have known each other since childhood.
; y4 c8 _( B4 s" g! q% | 5)1949年以来,王先生一直在这所学校教物理。3 U$ Z+ L" y1 ]" [+ g: h
Mr. Wang has been teaching physics in this school since 1949.% \3 |1 s9 |7 a K/ Y0 ~! x9 u
6)雨一直下了一个星期。
4 e; Q; a' u6 c ]. B9 o It has been raining for a week.
& }4 F2 ]: s- z9 m& l 5、一般过去时
9 B; U: N# t, \. { (1)构成:一般过去时通常由动词过去式表示。一般过去时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式要用助动词do 的过去式did, 同时注意实义动词要用原形。以study 为例,其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下:
/ Q, r" Q! D/ ^% h+ E 否定式疑问式
; V6 H) Y# C7 c2 _- `. I: O I did not (didn’t) study….Did I study…?
: h' c& \% O1 m& ^2 s You did not (didn’t) study….Did you study…?
8 J* a. R' X3 q1 P He did not (didn’t) stud ….Did he study…?
' u: J: S" ? |% D6 I3 \7 G 否定疑问式简单回答 (肯定/否定). P, m! S3 w/ p3 _5 a. \
Did I not (Didn’t I) study…?Yes, you did. No, you didn’t.
- M7 V( r+ S/ p4 b8 u) V Di you not (Didn’t you) study…?Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
% {" _% v5 o7 ]; A* S' | Did he not (Didn’t he) study…?Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
7 U4 \" N* } b4 @+ [7 |' o (2)用法:一般过去时动词主要表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作或情况,其中包括习惯性动作,通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。9 a* y6 V2 J. D9 m0 w$ D( b2 N2 n
The train arrived ten minutes ago. 火车十分钟前就到了。( Z. w2 u( l8 u7 ^$ a
What time did you get up yesterday morning? 昨天早晨你是什么时候起床的?# p* Q6 w+ K5 e5 C# G
I used to go to school early. 我过去总是很早去学校。* v4 F8 m# P }" V7 n1 q
He always went to work by bus. 他过去老乘车去上班。
& ^& ?& @% {2 s" Q Li Hong lived in Shanghai for ten years when she was young. 李红小时候在上海住过十年。(有的同学认为出现了for some time 之类的时间状语,就要用完成时态。这种看法不完全正确。如果指的是在过去某事持续了一段时间,就要用一般过去时)
8 H) r% d/ {8 L& w" ?- ] 注意:在动词用一般过去时的句子里通常有时间状语,表明动作发生的时间。如该句中没有时间状语,那么上下文中一定有表明过去的时间状语或可以体现“动作或情况发生在过去”这一概念。6 V q$ c; h9 s+ K
翻译练习:
& F7 w8 Z+ v% j$ H" d/ D 1)他昨天晚上离开这里到上海去了。 ! Z$ j; g3 t8 C6 d4 A& b9 n
He left for Shanghai yesterday evening.
5 E: t+ a S5 p! ]% o! L 2)你昨天早上是什么时候醒来的? 我六点钟醒的,可是到七点才起床。% V& v1 M1 n- u$ \. x5 M- l a
What time did you wake up yesterday morning? ?I woke up at six o’clock, but did not get up until 7. |